#oogenesis

Eggs’ Essential Net

A network of proteins protect the cell nuclei from collapse-inducing forces during egg cell production – oogenesis – in the roundworm C. elegans model organism – insight for maintenance of mammalian egg cell integrity

Read the published research paper here

Image from work by Chenshu Liu and colleagues

California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3) and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA

Image originally published with a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Published in Science Advances, July 2023

fic rec! 1.8K puzzleshipping, to kaiba's disappointment

Summary: Kaiba, at Atem's insistence, finally brings Yugi along on one of his visits to the afterlife, and promptly regrets it.

Comments: I love this. As soon as Yugi and Atem see each other, they're constantly touching even as Kaiba is constantly fuming. He's so upset that Atem is ignoring him, he honestly didn't expect to be forgotten so easily and now he's staring at a wet Atem and Yugi is staring at a wet Atem, but Kaiba is still left in a corner growing mushrooms while Yugi gets a bedroom invite.

page 194 - am I in one of those police dramas, a single bulb hanging over me handcuffed to a table in the interrogation room. No one is asking anything of me, questions or actions. Am I meant to be doing something to show my worth, sharing something so they know I'm peaceable and can be left alone, or just staying in the bright light's cone so I can't see what's outside? So I can't see who is outside it, who I might talk to or collaborate with.

Will Scientists Ever Discover Life Without A Home Planet?

“Either life began on Earth with a complexity on the order of 100,000 base pairs in the first organism, or life began billions of years earlier in a much simpler form. That could have been on a pre-existing world, whose contents migrated into space and eventually came to Earth in a great panspermic event, which is certainly possible. But it also could have been in the depths of interstellar space, where the energy from the galaxy's stars and cataclysms provided an environment for molecular assembly. It may not necessarily have been life in the form of a cell, but a molecule that can collect energy from its environment, perform a function, and reproduce itself, encoding the information essential to its existence in the reproduced molecule, just might qualify as life.”

We talk about the origin of life on Earth with bated breath, wondering all the time how things occurred to make our planet unique. But within that big question lies an assumption that may not be true: that life on Earth originated on Earth itself. It’s entirely possible, based on what we’ve seen out there in the Universe, that life didn’t originate here at all. Rather, it could have come from a primitive, pre-existing world, or even from the depths of interstellar space itself. If it’s the latter case -- interstellar space -- then perhaps we don’t even require a planet at all to create the more primitive forms of life itself. Perhaps all you need is a molecule that encodes information, reproduces itself, and converts external energy for use in biological processes. And if that’s the case, the origin of life may bear very little resemblance to what life has evolved into today.

fic rec! 3K post DSOD fic

Summary: Shizuka gets a girlfriend, and Otogi gets gorgeous, and things go from there.

Comments: Welcome to Honda's gay awakening everyone, where he can't stop staring at Otogi but that's okay, Otogi doesn't mind.

Ready to Rumpel

The early stages of development involve a lot of cooperation – processes that will become distinct are still linked, proteins share jobs. In adult organisms, just as young ones, this redundancy between roles allows for flexibility – if one molecule is damaged, another picks up the slack. In this developing fruit fly (Drosophila) brain, supportive glial cells (highlighted in pink) surround the branches of early nerve cells blue), helping to circulate nutritious chemicals around the central nervous system. Three glial genes are switched on, which in turn make the proteins Rumpel (green) Bumpel and Kumpel, that help to transport these important chemicals. Researchers find redundancy between them – deliberately removing combinations of the trio often calls on the remaining proteins to step up. But removing all three reveals a surprising link – disruption to the fly’s egg-forming oogenesis, suggesting a similar link between the brain and fertility may exist in our own development.

Written by John Ankers

Image from work by Kerem Yildirim and colleagues, published on the cover of Biology Open

Institute for Neuro- and Behavioral Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany

Image originally published with a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Published in Biology Open, January 2022

page 194 - u u? me me? Is someone fucking with my high? There aren't two mes, or two us, there's only one us. Dammit. There aren't two MEs or two Us (YOUs), there's only one us.

As stated in the above section, the process of Oogenesis is a procedure that occurs inside a fetus, where female gametes are produced. Moreover, in this process, multiple stages are involved, which occur before the birth of a female. And the primary oocytes produced during this process are converted into secondary ones, while some undergo degeneration.   

Besides, the process of Oogenesis is made possible because of a special germ called, oogonium. This germ multiplies in number, by using the mitosis process. And this involves multiple stages, which we are going to explain in much more detail below.  

Stages of Oogenesis 

The multiple stages involved oogenesis process are,   

Pre Natal  

Antral  

Pre-Ovulatory  

Ovulation  

Fertilization 

Pre Natal Stage 

The first stage of Oogenesis involves growing of the primary oocyte that is contained in meiosis-I, and the transformation of follicular cells into granulosa cells, which play a major role in the secretion of glycoproteins, that forms the zona pellucida or protective layer around the primary oocyte.  

Antral Stage 

The Antrum, which is a region made up of cellular fluids known as secondary follicles, undergoes development twice a month, in the presence of two essential hormones such as the luteinizing hormone, and the follicle-stimulating hormone.    

Pre-Ovulatory Stage 

Once the meiosis-I process is completed, this stage begins, which starts the production of two unequal haploid cells, that are located in the follicle. Now in the two cells, only one receives the lesser cytoplasm, while the other takes part in ovum formation. And thus the cell with a polar body multiplies into two, while the other arrests the secondary cell in the meiosis-2 phase.  

Ovulation 

From the above sections, as you can guess, the development of oocytes occurs in the ovaries. Now with the start of the menstrual cycle, the number of follicle cells in the ovaries increases rapidly, and at the same time, the size of the primary oocyte also increases. And after this, the follicles attain maturity, which is observed by the conversion of the primary oocyte into a secondary oocyte. Thus, the follicle breaks, and releases the secondary oocyte from the fallopian tube, this process is called ovulation.  

Fertilization 

The process of meiosis-II ends with fertilization, as a third polar body is generated, instead of oocytes degenerating over time while stuck in the meiosis-II cell division. And in fertilization, the process of spermatogenesis also plays a major role.