#neuroscientist

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neuroanatomy.netlify.app

The fungus is a mushroom called L. ananassa, which is a bolete mushroom (a group with sponge-like pores instead of gills) found in Yunnan, China, the Philippines, & Papua New Guinea. It was only documented in 2015. Locally, it's called Jian shou qing, meaning "turns blue in the hand."It is edible when fully cooked, but undercooking can trigger "Lilliputian hallucinations" (after Gulliver's Travels—vivid visions of tiny people, often 0.8 in tall (2 cm)). The hallucinations are not typical of other hallucinogens like magic mushrooms (psilocybin) or LSD.

Hundreds of people report seeing tiny people marching like soldiers, tiny figures clinging to spoons or swimming in soup. The reason this is scientifically shocking is that scientists have not been able to identify the chemical hallucinogen. Scientists believe the mushroom contains a completely new, unidentified psychoactive compound. The name "see-hand-blue" is because boletes contain compounds that oxidize when exposed to air. When the mushroom is bruised, enzymes break open cells, which react with oxygen & react to form blue pigments. It's like cutting an apple & watching it turn brown, but in the mushroom, the oxygen reaction makes it blue instead of brown.

Posting to say im not dead, im just too busy to write comprehensible lab notes 🥀

Yes. Siense.

On the Move: A Life

by Oliver Sachs

Also known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are rare (only causing 1-2 per cases per million people annually) misfolded form of a protein called PrP (Prion Protein) which is encoded by chromosome 20, a misfold happens when PrP undergoes a conformational conversion from its normal α-helix to a β-sheet rich structure, the β-sheet allows the prion protein to form aggregates (the clumping of biomolecules) and amyloid fibrils (an ordered composition of misfolded proteins that have assembled into insoluble fibres) which are toxic to neurons therefore disrupting neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity as well as causing spongiform degeneration (holes in brain tissue), Glial cells are activated but are ineffective at clearing prions thus leading to inflammation.

There are three different types of causes, these being

Sporadic (a spontaneous misfolding of Prpc into PrPsc) seen in Creutzfeldt-Jakob's disease, this is the most common cause

Genetic which is caused by destabilising mutations such as D178N in PrPc as seen in fatal familial insomnia

"In terms of the perception of time, many physicists would argue that the perception of time, the flow of time—that the past is no longer real, the present is real, and the future is not yet real—is an illusion, or a mental construct, or something imposed by the brain. And this is the debate between what we call eternalism, or the block universe, and presentism. So under eternalism, the past, present, and future are equally real. And under presentism, only the present is real. And that's how we perceive. And this is the fundamental debate about what's the nature of time. And there's this ongoing debate where the physicists say, "Hey, you neuroscientists figure this out, because obviously time is not flowing. Why does it feel like it's flowing?" And then the neuroscientists say, "Well, you physicists figure this out, because, you know, time is flowing." But the physics is really mostly the interpretation in which, because of relativity, the physics doesn't have a specific point—"you are here" doesn't say there's anything special over here. The equations of physics are time-symmetric, or time-reversible. So that leads to one interpretation: that the past, present, and future are equally real, much like space. You can be anywhere in space; you can be any moment in time.