#network war

51Due英国论文代写网精选Report代写范文:“The Internet is a weapon of war between nations”，这篇论文主要描述的是人们对于战争的定义有许多种，洲际之间的战争一般被称为世界大战，战争将影响到世界各大洲的国家，战争所使用的武器可以是兵刃、手枪、机关枪、等等武器，但随着时代的进步，出现了一些新型的战争武器如网络信息技术和互联网。

The term ‘war’ is a concept that is hard to narrow down to one particular definition. World war is conventionally defined as an interstate war fought between leading military powers supported by their respective alliance blocs where the scope of military engagement, on land and sea and in the air, extends across several world regions and where the impact or war reaches every continent (The Changing Nature of War. 2010). To gain a firm understanding on the definition we first we have to establish what is war? Many people devote time and energy into considerations of the causes and personalities behind the conflict or war and not the way it was carried out. It is equally important to understand the weapons of war and not only the reasoning behind it. When people hear the words ‘weapons of war’, many would assume they are talking about the obvious tools of force such as Flamethrowers, Grenades, Bayonets, Pistols, Machine Guns, Rifles, Poison Gas, Tanks and trench mortars etc. (Duffy, 2009). However it is just as vital to understand the less obvious weapons of war such as technology and the internet. The side with the most equipped technology is more likely to win a war and it is vital to remember that the internet is by far a fundamental weapon of war.

The World Wide Web, also known as the Internet, is a computer network system that stores and retrieves a vast variety of information on demand. “It’s a global computer network through which the almost-instant delivery of data or files occurs between connected computers” (Duhaime Legal Dictionary. 2007). It should be noted that the internet is an exceptional command and control apparatus that can be accessed by any geographical distance and it is not easily interfered with by other means of communications equipment. It is accessible even in the most remote places of the world, from war’s taking part in Iraq to war’s in the USA, assuming intelligence has the correct technology the internet can be accessed by a linkage to a satellite in out of space providing you with the resources and the information requested on demand.

A prime area of the internet as a weapon of war is the ways of communication between nations, between alliances and between civilians. Communications between out of space satellites via the internet to spy of enemies and to direct targets to the control point, as well as communication to the world through hostage video all has a role in the use of the internet. The internet can be a way of expressing public fear into nations by reporting on events that are happening during the war and by the circulation of hostage videos from the enemy. The government also face difficulties in controlling what is sent via the internet and find the policies in place for controlling the newspapers and Television are no where near adequate enough to control the internet. “In fact, the Internet can serve as a terrorist’s TV or radio station, or his international newspaper or journal” (Thomas, 2003, p. 114). “The web allows an uncensored and unfiltered version of events to be broadcast worldwide. Chat rooms, websites, and bulletin boards are largely uncontrolled, with few filters in place. The internet provides terrorists with anonymity, command and control resources, and a host of other measures to coordinate and integrate attack options” (Thomas, 2003, p. 114).http://www.51due.net/writing/report/sample1692.html

Centuries ago, in world wars such as World War One (1914-1918), the internet and technology played a minimal role in the outcome of a war or a battle, The war back then was predominately focused on ground gun battle where a platoon would try to out manoeuvre its enemy and kill by use of ground force troops with rifles etc. “The First World War remains costly in terms of deaths and casualties. From a population of fewer than five million, 416,809 men enlisted, of which over 60,000 killed and 156,000 wounded, gassed or taken prisoner” (First World War 1914–18, 2010, Commemoration, para 1).To leap forth to the more recent decades is where society realizes in an instant the incredible dynamic that is involved in the world of intelligence and its supporting communications technologies. “The Internet era brings an on-rush of changes, both revolutionary and subtle, to the work of intelligence—changes in the doctrine and practice of collection, analysis, and broadcasting; and changes in the mindsets and relationships between intelligence and law enforcement, intelligence and the policymaker, and intelligence and the military commander” (Clift, 2007, CSI Publications, para. 5).

The internet as a weapon of war is vital to a country in winning a war or winning a battle. Accessing the opponent’s information and task moves from around the globe is essential to our national security and survival. An example where a country defeated another due to having more equipped technology and internet skills is evident in the conflicts in Kuwait (1991), Serbia (1999), and in Iraq (2003). Baylis states that “American technology proved vastly superior to that of its opponent. In particular, computing and space technology allowed the US forces to acquire information about the enemy to a degree never before seen in warfare, and allowed precision targeting of weapons systems” (Baylis, 2008, p. 217). He continues to state that “Advanced communications allowed generals to exercise detailed and instant control over the development battle and to respond quickly to developments. The speed, power, and accuracy of the weapons employed allowed them to be carefully targeted so as to destroy vital objectives without inflicting unnecessary casualties on civilian populations, through absolute precision and reliability proved impossible to achieve. Opponents lacking counters to these technologies found themselves helpless in the face of overwhelming American superiority” (Baylis, 2008, p. 217). The above conflicts between countries wouldn’t have been able to carry out the emense attacks that they did without the internet playing a key role in aquiring the information and the linkage between out of space satalites and the intelligence headquarters proving yet again that the internet is by far a primary weapon of war.

For many communities, global issues are local issues and local issues are global issues.

With the internet being an option for terrorists to utilize it’s capabilities in their attack’s to target specialized digital devices that can cause instant catastrophe are becoming increasingly distressing with these digital control devices being connected to the internet and lacking basic security. Bishop states examples of how specialized digital devices can be easily terrorised with the throwing of “railway switches and adjust valves in pipes that carry water, oil and gas” (2003, p. 119). Furthermore, “utilities worldwide allow technicians to remotely manipulate digital controls, and information on how to do this is widely available” (Bishop, 2003, p.119). And it doesn’t stop there, the skill of a hacker or terrorist who has the ability to send computer virus’s which can be activated on command, the ability to send falsifying information to government websites via the internet and the ability to hack into civilians emails and access personal information presents society with new points of weakness. (Bishop, 2003) All these global issues are seen as local issues to each individual community. The way the internet can be utilized by terrorist shows yet again that the internet can be used on all scales of war, whether it is at a degree of world war or the war against terrorism.

A prime example of a country using the internet as a weapon of war is demonstrated throughout history predominantly during the more recent wars where technology has become more advanced. Technology is rapidly advancing in the world today. For certain weapons of war to work at their best, it needs the speed and accuracy of the internet to be able to function. The internet can be seen as a secure way of communication rather than other means. “Evidence strongly suggests that terrorists used the internet to plan their operations for 9/11. Computers seized in Afghanistan reportedly revealed that al Qaeda was collecting intelligence on targets and sending encrypted messages via the internet (Thomas, 2003, p.112). As recently as 16 September 2002, al Qaeda cells operating in America reportedly were using internet-based phone services to communicate with cells overseas. These incidents indicate that the internet is being used as a “cyber planning” tool for terrorists. It provides terrorists with anonymity, command and control resources and a host of other measures to coordinate and integrate attack options” (Thomas, 2003, p.112)

With the advances in technology, the dynamics of war are also shifting which is marked throughout history. The dramatic changes seen from WWI to the more present wars are evidence of how war changes over time and how the internet and technology has played a vital role. The internet computer system is expanding hastily and there are even studies commissioned by the international commission on Nuclear Non-proliferation and Disarmament (ICNND), which suggest “that under the right circumstances, terrorists could break into computer systems and launch an attack on a nuclear state- triggering a catastrophic chain of events that would have a global impact” (Internet Nuclear Attack Possibility. 2009, cybercrime, para 2)

Nuclear warfare is also another weapon of war that the internet plays a vital role in. The United States detonated the first world’s nuclear weapon in 1945, in a period of 15 years later in 1960; France became the fourth state to test a nuclear weapon showing a increase in production along with knowledge and resources in the nuclear warfare (Baylis, 2008), but it’s the military bases that can be hacked into via the internet to not only gain vital information useful to the defence force, but to also gain the launch codes for the nuclear weapons and for missile’s etc. its not always the defence force or other government organisations hacking into each others software, it can be the curiosity of the general hacker who has the talent and ability to hack into government websites and look at top secret information, whether they intend to use the information in a destructive manner or not is irrelevant, the fact is that information is easily accessible to computer literate individuals through the internet and again concurs how the internet can be utilised as a weapon of war.

“While war is less common and less deadly than in the 1945-92 period, it remains a brutal and inhumane form of politics” (Baylis, 2008, p.224). Weapons of war vary from ground force to computers. It should be noted that no matter how many ground weapons on the battlefield there is always going to be a dramatic weapon of war in computers and the internet that could decide who wins and who loses a battle. The way technology is advancing in this day and age will improve the internet’s capabilities to gain information and knowledge on their opponents even further and change the way war is fought, the internet does have the capabilities to dictate how a war is carried out and through history and evidence it is clear that the internet is and foremost a weapon of war.  

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I once had a conversation with a foreigner. He said that the Filipino Pride is already getting out of hand and we already sound like arrogant assholes. I have to agree with him. Just look at the Pinoys too proud to set a 25 million tweet. Like WTF? What do you get from it?

it’s not something to be proud of. Look, we’re a third world country yet this is a fucking first world problem. Some other countries can use twitter trending topic for a cause just like that Syrian boy found along the shore of Turkey, yet here we are, trying to set a record of what love team can lead the twitter trending topic. I did not even see this much tweet about the Spratlys Islands.

We are so proud of ourselves that we even use the FIlipino Pride against our own fellow Pinoys. We want to prove that we are supporting the best love team.

Barbie Xu noticed that aldub is always trending, it means we can use twitter to call attention for the right reasons. We can do it but we choose to use it for shallow reasons.

As what Heneral Luna said

According to Global Times, not long ago, American defense minister Gates ordered to set up the network and fight the headquarter formally. U.S.A. becomes global and first to lead the war organization into the country of Internet publicly.

The American army announces after the news of setting up the network headquarter spreads, the responses of various countries are strong. Britain claimed to establish online security office and online security action centre immediately, begin to set up " The network formation " . Before this, propagandize " a Chinese hacker attacks " South Korea show too set up by network to last headquarter. And according to an investigation of World Wide Web, most Chinese netizens support China to set up the network and fight the headquarter.

Up to will it be a.m. 8 o'clock 28, whom World Wide Web carry on " you think China should build network, fight headquarter " investigation have 4000 over people vote already ". Among them, over 94% of the netizens (3823 tickets) Hold, agree to attitude, opposition person fewer than 6% (240 ticket) .

The net friend shows, the network has already influenced every aspect of our daily life now, we should have crisis awareness, prevent trouble before it happens, can embrace Buddha's feet in one's hour of need until others attack over. Net friend says, the network is land, sea, sky, space an invisible world, the information communication of the modern war is a key ring, the network fights the headquarter there are important meanings in order to guarantee the Chinese network communication security, must set up sooner or later.

Because U.S.A. has propagandized many times before this " The Chinese network fight " , " Chinese hacker " Threaten, so net friend shows, U.S.A. is for China to sets up the network to fight the headquarter, it is necessary to respond in China.

And the net friend represents, the innovation in some fields of U.S.A. is very forward-looking. China, as a new developing developing country, except farsighted in some strategic thinking, follow other country closely accurately and have strategy of the foresight at the same time. So, China should set about setting up immediately after the American network fights the headquarter and sets up.

A high-ranking official of the State Council of U.S.A. said yesterday, when president's Palestinian horse visited Russia first at the beginning of July, the online security will become the important topic, however, watch the access time close on day by day, the officers of two countries still can't reach an agreement on questions of way to deal with cyberattack.

U.S.A. objects to expanding network monitoring

It is unwilling to disclose the words report of the officers of Ministry of National Defence of the name to invoke yesterday in U.S.A. " the New York Times ", though the U.S.A and Russia think Internet is becoming the new developing battle field that must be paid attention to, but in what a international cooperation problem of ensuring the online security and launching the two countries are have enormous difference.

This officer says, it should be as signing and forbidding the biological and chemical weapons convention that the Russian side advocates various countries, conclude one about regular international treaty of network fight through the high-level talk. U.S.A. does not think this kind of treaty meaning is big, maintain various countries launch cooperation under the circumstances that the international law enforcement agency coordinates, attack the network crime together.

" we maintain that defend, defend, defend again, " This officer says, " the Russian side places hope on exercising restraint in attacking. "

Vice secretary, security conference of Russia, draw Sri Lankan to draw give up autumn such as Sri Lankan gram say in the speech in March this year season, Russia is devoted to cutting down the aggressive weapon of the network. Various countries should be through signing a certain treaty, forbid it to the hostile code of secret implantation in other country computer or network system, in order to be used in the future war.

The Russian side still proposes, various countries should promise what is not attacked on the network is not the military target, do not launch the cyberattack through disguising the means, strengthen the control to Internet at the same time.

However, American officers think, the cyberattack, besides can mobilize in the government or militarying, some hackers may initiate and attack too, so it is often difficult to distinguish to attack body. Since the international treaty has restraint forces only to the government, and too far away to be helped to the hacker, will then be difficult to reach expected effectiveness.

In addition, U.S.A. objects to expanding network monitoring, thinks this is looking for the excuse freely in order to press the network.

U.S.A. does " The logic bomb " Weapon

Agence France-Presse comments, the policy difference that Russia and the United States fight the field in the network perhaps throws out their different struggle philosophy and modes of thinking.

Some political analysts think, U.S.A. inclines to adopt the practical tactics even more, attack the network attacker directly through the international law enforcement agency. U.S.A. announced in 2006 that acceded to " attacked the network crime convention " that European Commission initiated, determine to launch cooperation with multinational police and procuratorial work organization in the field of online security.

The Russian side refuses to accede to this convention, thinks the convention allows other country police to launch stepping the border investigation to some network crime cases under not telling the situation of country concerned, suspected of being involved in " infringing the sovereignty " .

On the other hand, Russia hopes from taking precautions against the angle of arms race prevents the network fight from taking place. Some safe officers of the Russian side propose before, if lack world to restrain, among countries " arms race " which will research and develop the weapon of the network may happen ,The consequence is very dangerous.

" the New York Times " report, many countries are researching and developing the aggressive weapon based on Internet for the moment. U.S.A. " The logic bomb " Can hide in the computer, once the urgent state of affair appears, the procedure can activate, force a large number of computers to be paralysed, and " corpse's procedure " Can or attack the computer, interfere with the normal operation of military command system through the remote control of the code.

Talked about the network fight 13 years ago

Palestinian horse is scheduled to visit Russia on 6 - 8 of July. Visit Russia for the first time since he took up the post of the US President.

Some officers of White House say, Palestinian horse will discuss the topic of cutting down the nuclear weapon, maintaining globally and safely etc. with Russian president Medway and Jeff, and tackle the cyberattack and threaten to be one of the important topics.

" the New York Times " report, this does not launch consultation on the issue that the network fight for the first time in the two countries. As far back as 1996, Russia, two beautiful high-level military missions met in Moscow secretly. American side is drawn and heads the list of signers by strategy expert of navy graduate school John and Al Kui, the Russian side sends an admiral to be served as in the seat of honor. This talk content has had few reports all the time, it is unable to find out too whether to reach an agreement or not.

Imagine a strong country intend to forcibly occupy its small and weak neighbouring country for a while, so they have launched the one week -long network attack to the ally of neighbouring country's maximum, the energy, telecommunication and medical system. One week later, the invader launches all azimuthal network wars to air force and offshore defensive system of the neighbouring country. Resist the decline of ability with neighbouring country's alliance's national defence, the neighbouring country will agree to become the invader's attaching to area during less than one week.

Protect the statement at the conference in the basic framework of the network according to several experts of National Defence University of last week, this kind of situation has method solved.

This discussion is held under the background of fact that Palestinian horse's government pursue the online security consciousness of improving the citizen actively and take action in the expenditure of online security. Bar president Ma announced the safety program of a network at the beginning of this month, this plan includes appointing a high-level online security to coordinate the officer newly, report the work to State Security Bureau and national economic administration directly.

Bar president Ma show " Obviously the network threat is one of the most severe economic and national security challenges which our country faces at present, very obvious as a government or a country, we have not made good preparations for should have ing yet " .

Come from National Defence University and expert that provides the main academic organization of vocational training for American army's representing, as to the very important point of private organization it is to realize they will be a great goal of the network war in the future.

The information of National Defence University is operated to a professor Dan Kuehl and represented " Our rival is looking for our weakness. The ones that developed gradually in military operation that we carry out were informationized further. The global system that we have relies on the critical basic framework further too, these basic framework and connection of the global economy are closer and closer " .

Kuehl points out the cost launching the unusual cyber attack to terrorist or political schemer is not high, but want to ensure national networks and systems not to threaten to be very expensive and difficult to country such as U.S.A. these risks.

" To that the party of the weak tendency is not very even in interests " Kuehl calls " The persons who take the lead in taking action may occupy very important first chance, the winner in the network field may decide the result of the war "

It is Mumbai terrific men who first introduced the practice of burying wooden image with dead that attacked recently to occupy the dominant disadvantaged groups during the network war for example. The famous researcher Stuart Starr of National Defence University shows, the assailant utilizes the valley song the earth (Google Earth) And global positioning system technology comes to position oneself.

" They utilize investment of large amount by buying the low-end apparatus, through obtaining huge interests by making the investment in the commerce again " Starr shows.

On the basis of these militarists' outstanding intelligence, we have summarized ten suggestions of network war that you do not know for your reference:

1.You must win the first victory

In the conventional war, the final victory that the country to win the first victory can win the war perhaps. Think about Pearl Harbor Incident is like this. But to the network war, you must win the first victory, because there may not be the second campaign. The enemy may invade your critical basic framework through the cyber attack, if you have not set up the valid defensive system, can only be forced to surrender.

2.The first campaign will be concluded instant