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100 Named Arthurian Women #5: Rowena
Rowena (also known as Rowen and Ronwen), daughter of the Saxon lord Hengist and later wife of King Vortigern, who first appears in the Historia Brittonum by Nennius (though she is unnamed in this text), then Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britannia (in which she is given a name) as well as Wace's Brut and Layamon's Brut.
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The Superhuman Feats of the Knights of the Round Table (And it's not even all of their feats!)
Arthur: (The Overall Strongest)
Historia Brittonum
Culwch and Olwen
Historia Regum Britannia (Geoffrey nerfs Arthur)
Torec (From King Arthur in the Medieval Low Countries)
Le Morte D'Arthur (Arthur nerfed again)
Idylls of the King
Kay and Bedivere (Both from Pa Gur)
[...[
[...]
Kay (Note: this doesn't take into account his superpowers)
[...]
Bedivere
Lancelot (focusing mostly on Vulgate, as Lance has a TON of feats everywhere that it would take an entire post)
Vulgate Cycle - Lancelot in Val Sans Retour, killing Morgan's Dragons
Vulgate Cycle - Lancelot fighting for Bagdemagus
Vulgate Cycle - A knight's POV of Lancelot fighting for Bagdemagus
Vulgate Cycle - Lancelot as the Red Knight
Vulgate Cycle - Gawain's POV on Lancelot disguised as The Red Knight
Tavola Ritonda
Gawain (not accounting for his Solar-based strength)
[...]
De Ortuu Waluuanii
Diu Crone
Tristan (Another character with superpowers and magic, but we'll keep it short)
Tavola Ritonda Bonus: Tristan can JUMP really, really high while injured:
I
Le Morte D'Arthur
Do you have a guide/a recommended reading list for getting into Arthurian legends? I’ve been really getting into it in the past few months but I feel like I’m missing out on a lot of the foundations of it. (If you don’t and this is too big of an ask totally feel free to ignore this lol)
EDIT: Beginner’s Guide to Medieval Arthuriana
hello, anon.
i don't currently although i have plans to add another page to my blog listing medieval texts as well as links to download pdfs of them. i have english translations of texts originating in belarussian, dutch, french, german, hebrew, italian, latin, middle english, and last but not least, welsh.
in the mean time, i've collected for you some key texts that are readily available to read for free online!
le morte d'arthur by sir thomas malory [part 1] [part 2]
the history of the britons by nennius [here]
the mabinogion translated by lady charlotte guest [here]
four romances by chrétien de troyes [here]
parzival by wolfram von eschenbach [part 1] [part 2]
the wedding of sir gawain and dame ragnelle translated by thomas hahn [here]
sir gawain and the green knight translated by j. r. r. tolkien [here]
better translations/formatting forthcoming! enjoy. :^)
This passage above from Book IV of Monmouth’s HRB is very interesting. Essentially…
Julius Caesar has had his arse kicked twice by King Cassibellaunus. During his second attempt at trying to conquer Britain, Cassibellaunus’ brother, Nennius, fights against Julius Caesar and manages to defeat him and grab his sword, but not before getting mortally wounded by said sword. Nennius ultimately dies of his wounds and he’s buried with Julius Caesar’s sword.
The sword is called Crocea Mors (as shown above), meaning “Yellow Death”. If you’re wounded by this sword, that’s it. You’re done for. And this is exactly what happened to Nennius.
It’s a shame that no more is mentioned about the sword “Crocea Mors”, because it sounds really super cool.
Arthur has another son??????
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Is it true that in some versions of the legend, Vortigern has a sexual affair with his own daughter, who agrees to marry him in order to become Queen? Does this happen before or after Vortigern marries the Saxon beauty, Lady Rowenna?
I have to admit that while I read Nennius I completely forgot about it, as tend to be less interested to Vortigern and Uther, but, here it is, looking it up, it looks like this comes from the History of Britons by Nennius:
(https://www.gutenberg.org/files/1972/1972-h/1972-h.htm)
39. In the meantime, Vortigern, as if desirous of adding to the evils he had already occasioned, married his own daughter, by whom he had a son. When this was made known to St. Germanus, he came, with all the British clergy, to reprove him: and whilst a numerous assembly of the ecclesiastics and laity were in consultation, the weak king ordered his daughter to appear before them, and in the presence of all to present her son to St. Germanus, and declare that he was the father of the child. The immodest* woman obeyed; and St. Germanus, taking the child, said, “I will be a father to you, my son; nor will I dismiss you till a razor, scissors, and comb, are given to me, and it is allowed you to give them to your carnal father.” The child obeyed St. Germanus, and going to his father Vortigern, said to him, “Thou art my father; shave and cut the hair of my head.” The king blushed, and was silent; and, without replying to the child, arose in great anger, and fled from the presence of St. Germanus, execrated and condemned by the whole synod.
“Vortigern then reigned in Britain. In his time, the natives had cause of dread, not only from the inroads of the Scots and Picts, but also from the Romans, and their apprehensions of Ambrosius.”
- Historia Brittonum, c. 828 a.d., translated by J.A. Giles
And here we get our introduction to Vortigern! As I mentioned a couple posts back, Vortigern is a character who doesn’t start out explicitly connected to Arthur (though they’re both discussed in Historia Brittonum) but becomes so later on, and a large part of his story as portrayed here will show up later on with Arthurian characters (most notably Merlin, Arthur’s father Uther Pendragon, and two of his uncles) in key roles.
Notably though, while Vortigern becomes part of the Arthurian mythos, he’s never portrayed as having met Arthur himself - he’s the archvillain of the previous generation, defeated and killed before Arthur is even born. (This is in contrast to what Guy Ritchie decided to do with him in his recent King Arthur movie, but... well, I won’t get into that here. :-P)
I find it interesting that our first introduction to Vortigern as a character (in this book, that is - there were references to him before this) chooses to emphasize... what a mess the country was in during his reign, basically. Like I discussed before, this was an era when Britain was being faced with conquest or occupation by multiple foreign powers, and as we’ll see, Vortigern failed pretty spectacularly to deal with any of those threats, and made some of them (most notably the threat of Saxon dominance) far worse.
So that goes to explain the reference to “the inroads of the Scots and the Picts, [and] also from the Romans”. “Their apprehensions of Ambrosius” is more... complicated. Suffice to say he’s a character we’ll be meeting soon in this story, and one who goes on to inspire two separate Arthurian characters in Historia Regum Brittaniae. For now all I’ll point out is how truly formidable Ambrosius must have been, to be mentioned in the same breath as the fear of invasion from the Scots, Picts and Romans.
“There’s a lot you don’t know. Don’t presume I’m a good person,” Valerius told Nennius, the threat of his past threatening to surface.
