#manets

Wireless ad hoc network is dispersing type of wireless network. The network is called as ad hoc network as it is not dependent on already existing infrastructure, like routers in wired networks or access points in managed network. Ad hoc networks become reliable for emergency response situation such as natural disasters, military conflicts, etc by using minimum composition of system and quick distribution methods. Mobile ad hoc network relies on the existence of the least some infrastructure. Mobile IP requires home agent, tunnels, and default router. DHCP requires servers and broadcast capabilities of the medium reaching all participants or relays to server. Cellular phone network requires base stations, infrastructure network etc. However, there may be several situations where users of a network cannot rely on an infrastructure, it too expensive, or there is none at all. It is necessary to note that it target on so called multi hop ad hoc network when describing ad hoc networking. The ad hoc setting up of a connection with an infrastructure is not the main issues here. These networks should be mobile and use wireless communications. This research paper focuses on routing techniques in Mobile ad hoc networks and it also deciphers the issues and challenges of Mobile ad hoc networks.

The Queue Management Techniques play an important role in improving the Quality of Service in Mobile Ad hoc Networks. The need of congestion control and Queue management is inevitable in Mobile Ad hoc Network. Understanding and analyzing the latest AQM Techniques give an insight to improving throughput, packet loss rate, average end to end delay and other parameters that severely affect the performance. The performance of mobile ad hoc networks is evaluated by varying the Channel Error Rate, Bandwidth and Delay at different fragment sizes of different traffic flows. The proposed method performs the network analysis of new Routing protocols. The work proposes to evaluate various Active Queue Management Techniques in a multi traffic environment i.e., sources generating both TCP and UDP traffic classes. The UDP is propagated via CBR and TCP is propagated via FTP. The implementation of the proposed queue management technique has been done in NS 2. In the proposed work we have make NS 2 compatible with GREEN by integrating source code into the ns 2 installation files and using various AQMs in comparison with GREEN to calculate the throughput at various Bandwidths across network. Using various AQMs in comparison with GREEN we have calculated the throughput at various Delays across the network and we have also calculated the throughput at various channels Error Rate across the network. The proposed method has been compared with other primitive AQM techniques so that a repository of best available results can be obtained for design and research purposes. The proposed method has outperformed the existing queue management techniques in number of scenarios. 

Nowadays Mobile Ad Hoc Network MANET is an emerging area of research to provide various communication services to the end users. Recently the fields of MANET have yielded more and more popularity and thus MANET have become a subject of great interest for the researchers to enforce research activities. One of the main challenges in Mobile ad hoc network is of searching and maintaining an effective route for transporting data information securely. Security and privacy are indispensable in various communications for successful acceptance and deployment of such a technology. Mobile Ad Hoc Network MANET is the cooperative engagement of a collection of mobile nodes without the required intervention of any centralized access point or existing infrastructure. There is an increasing trend to adopt mobile ad hoc networking for commercial uses however, their main applications lie in military, tactical and other security sensitive operations. In these and other applications of mobile ad hoc networking, secure routing is an important issue. Thinking of this, I proposed an efficient secure ad hoc routing protocol for optimize the performance of MANET which will more efficient in terms of time delay, packet drop and packet delivery fraction in mobile ad hoc network. The proposed protocol can employ an integrated approach of digital signature and encryption techniques to achieve the security goals like message integrity, data confidentiality and end to end authentication at IP layer. Together with existing approaches for securing the physical and MAC layer within the network protocol stack, the proposed secure routing protocol can provide a foundation for the secure operation of an ad hoc network. 

Black hole attack is one of the security threat in which the traffic is redirected to such a node that actually does not exist in the network. It's a real world analogy to the black hole in the universe in which things disappear. The node presents itself in such a way to the node that it can attack other nodes and networks knowing that it has the shortest path. MANETs must have a secure way for transmission and communication which is quite challenging and vital issue. Study of previous work concludes that works done on security issues in MANET were based on different reactive routing protocol but still there is needs to avoid Black Hole attack in MANETs. This research work proposed detection and mitigation technique to avoid black hole attack and improve the network performance. Performance of proposed solution is similar with original AODV and tries to maintain privacy of content.