#lesson 15

TSL lore

MC: 

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There’s been quite a lot of lessons so far, so it’s about time to look into adjectives. We do use them every day after all. There are certain rules for adjectives in Danish and they depend on whether a noun is in its indefinite or definite form and whether it’s an en-noun or an et-noun. Let’s jump right into it.

Indefinite (a/an)

There are three different endings for the adjective used to describe a noun in its indefinite form. The ending is either none, -t or -e and it depends whether it’s an en-noun, an et-noun or plural. As a reminder, nouns in its indefinite form is when you talk about any noun (e.g. an apple, a cat).

En-noun: En god sang = A good song

Adjectives that describes an en-noun in indefinite form has no ending.

Et-noun: Et godt æble = A good apple

Adjectives that describes an et-noun in indefinite form has -t endings.

Plural: Gode sange = Good songs

Gode æbler = Good apples

Adjectives that describes noun in plural in indefinite form form has -e endings.

Definite (the, my, his, hers, etc)

There is only one ending for adjectives used to describe a noun in its definite form. The ending is -e. As a reminder, nouns in its definite form is when you talk about a specific noun (e.g. the apple, my cat, his shirt, etc).

En-noun: Den gode sang = The good song

Adjectives that describes an en-noun in definite form has -e endings.

Et-noun: Det gode æble = The good apple

Adjectives that describes an et-noun in definite form has -e endings.

Plural: De gode sange = The good songs

De gode æbler = The good apples

Adjectives that describes noun in plural in definite form has -e endings.

Summary table

Below is a summary table of all of the above examples.

Example sentences

Det er en god sang = It is a good song

Jeg køber tre røde æbler = I am buying three red apples

Drej til højre efter det gule hus = Turn right after the yellow house

Det er et sødt billede = It is a cute picture

Han er en hurtig fodboldspiller = He is a fast football/soccer player

Min mors hvide bil = My moms white car

Vil du have et hvidt stykke chokolade? = Do you want a white piece of chocolate?

De tre små killinger = The three small kittens

Der er mange forskellige mennesker = There are many different people

Du bagte nogle dårlige småkager = You baked some bad cookies

Final note: There are some adjectives that does not follow the rules stated above. To avoid leaving you feeling overwhelmed, these exceptions will be covered in another lesson.

Many Korean verbs are made by combining two verbs together. Usually this is done by adding one verb to the stem of another with ~아/어. The word created will then have the meanings of both verbs. Examples:

들다 (to enter something) + 가다 (to go) → 들어가다 (to go into something)

아버지는 은행에 들어갔어요.

들다 (to enter something) + 오다 (to come) → 들어오다 (to come into something)

남자는 방에 들어왔어요.

나다 (to arise out of something/come up/come out) + 가다 (to go) → 나가다 (to go out of something/leave)

저는 집에서 나갔어요.

나다 (to arise out of something/come up/come out) + 오다 (to come) → 나오다 (to come out of something)

학생은 학교에서 나왔어요.

 가지다 (to own/have/possess) + 오다 (to come) → 가져오다 (to bring something)

나는 나의 숙제를 가져왔어.

그 학생은 숙제를 가져오지 않았어.

가지다 (to go own/have/possess) + 가다 (to go) → 가져가다 (to take something)

 저는 저의 모자를 가져갈 거예요.

Both 가져오다 and 가져가다 can both translate to “to bring” even though 가져오다 itself typically translates to “to bring” and 가져가다 to “to take.”

Knowing whether to use 가져오다 or 가져가다 in a sentence depends on the point of view of whoever is speaking and what they’re speaking about.

For example: you’re at home and you have something there that you’re going to give a friend, let’s say a book. So you’ll “bring” or “take” that book with you when you go meet your friend. To tell your friend what you’re going to do, you have to use 가져가다 because you’re going to meet your friend while possessing the item that you will give them. So you can tell them: “저는 책을 가져갈 거예요.”

Now let’s say you’re already at your friend’s house with the book. You can tell them “저는 책을 가져왔어요” because you came to your friend’s house while possessing the book.

But don’t make the mistake of thinking that because of those two examples 가져가다 is used in the future and 가져오다 is used in the past. The tense has no affect on the these words, it’s all about perspective. So another example: you’re home and your friend asks you to bring the book. They’d use 가져오다 because you’d be coming to them with the book. 

Another word commonly used in compound words: 돌다 (to turn/to spin/ to rotate).

Examples:

돌다 + 보다 → 돌아보다 (to turn around [and see]; to look back)

돌다 + 가다 → 돌아가다 (to return/go back)

돌다 + 오다 → 돌아오다 (to return/come back)

돌리다 + 주다 → 돌려주다 (to give back)

저는 9월1일에 캐나다에 돌아갈 거예요.

저는 친구에게 책을 돌려줬어요.

Compound words are really common in Korean so keep your eye out for them. It really helps to understand a word when you know it’s two words put together.

I’m posting these notes for myself, for ease of studying. All information is from the awesome website howtostudykorean.com. This is from Lesson 15: (x). 


The only worthy thing was our date with our queen 💙💜🩷 and the hard lesson bcs TSL lol