Nov 20, 2020
Loading...
seen from Switzerland
seen from Singapore
seen from Türkiye
seen from Türkiye
seen from China
seen from Russia
seen from Germany
seen from Türkiye
seen from Russia
seen from Sweden
seen from Sweden
seen from United States
seen from Netherlands
seen from Latvia
seen from Switzerland
seen from United States
seen from Germany
seen from United States
seen from Türkiye
seen from China
Anya is live and ready to show you everything. Watch her strip, dance, and perform exclusive shows just for you. Interact in real-time and make your fantasies come true.
Free to watch • No registration required • HD streaming
THE SECRET BURIAL OF CHINGGIS KHAN, 1227
One of the most enduring aspects of Chinggis Khan's legend is the secrecy around his death and burial. Various stories abound around the nature of his death, but one continuous one is told over his tomb. The general story our sources provide is that, upon his death in August 1227 while on campaign against the Tangut Kingdom in northwestern China, his body was ferried back to Mongolia, to the sacred mountain Burkhan Khaldun. Located near his place of birth, and a site on which he had hid from his enemies and conferred with Eternal Blue Heaven for it's blessings, this was a natural location. Express mention is made at the efforts to keep the exact location a secret, and there are many stories of killing everyone involved with the burial, running horses over the grave to even diverting a river over top to keep it hidden. The Mongols had many taboos around death, referring not to discuss it, the dead or interact with the objects relating to the dead, and thus it was of utmost importance to keep Chinggis' body safe from those that might despoil it. Burkhan Khaldun and the area around it are known as the Ikh Khorig- the great taboo, an area difficult to get to and still to this day left under guard. Modern efforts to find the grave have been hampered by prohibitions against excavation on the mountain due to its sacred nature. In almost all certainty, the grave of Chinggis Khan will never be found. There are some traditions that Chinggis Khan was buried in the Ordos (Inner Mongolia, China), where the famous Mausoleum (really, a shrine) to him stands today in Ejin Horo Banner. But these traditions begin much after his death, and as the Ordos was only newly conquered territory in 1227, and not really inhabited by Mongols until the 15th century, I find it doubtful he would be buried there. You can learn more about the death of Chinggis Khan in my video on the topic here: youtu.be/hzhY3accFZM
CHINGGIS KHAN AND GURBELCHIN-GOA, 1227
One of the most infamous stories around the death of Chinggis Khan was that relating to the Tangut princess Gurbelchin. Popular in 16th-18th century Mongol accounts (so nothing contemporary to his death), the story goes that after defeating the Tangut Kingdom (in modern Gansu and Ningxia, northwestern China), Chinggis Khan took the wife or daughter of the Tangut King to be his concubine. Gurbelchin (meaning 'lizard-like beauty,' I am told) was said to be extraordinarily beautiful, taking the Khan off guard. She was however, as beautiful as she was angry with Chinggis Khan for the destruction of her people, and she vowed her revenge. What followers normally takes two variations: she convinces the Mongols to let her bathe alone, or with Tangut attendants, before she has to sleep with the Khan, and uses this as an opportunity to smuggle a knife or piece of metal into the ger with her. After sleeping with him, she uses the hidden weapon to kill or critically injure Chinggis, then escaping and flinging herself into the Yellow River. In the other, much for graphic version, she hides the piece of metal within her sexual organ, and when Chinggis Khan goes to perform intercourse with her, he suffers an horrific injury to his member. Many Mongols today consider this version to be a story spread by the non-Chinggisid Oirats to humiliate the Khan's memory. For more on this, and versions of Chinggis Khan's death, see my video on it here: https://youtu.be/hzhY3accFZM
The Death of Chinggis Khan: August, 1227
Conqueror, peasant, or lawyer, death comes for us all sooner or later. Here, we look at the Death of Chinggis Khan in August 1227. His final days were shrouded in secrecy as per the Khagan's final wishes, and thus we are left with a variety of theories, some more likely than others, from our sources across Asia and the Mongol Empire. From falling off horseback to wily Gurbelchin, it's quite the collection!
DONATIONS
Paypal: https://paypal.me/thejackmeister?locale.x=en_US
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/jackmeister
VIDEOS MENTIONED:
The Mongol Destruction of the Tangut Kingdom: https://youtu.be/ruyFqgY4Jog
The Secret History of the Mongols/ Fall of the Tangut: https://youtu.be/_KX2cmf4bPs
PRIMARY SOURCES:
The Secret History of the Mongols: A Mongolian Epic Chronicle of the Thirteenth Century. Translated by Igor de Rachewiltz. Edited by John C. Street. https://cedar.wwu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1003&context=cedarbooks See chapter 12, page 185-189.
de Rachewiltz's commentaries: http://altaica.ru/LIBRARY/rachewiltz/Rachewiltz_The%20Secret%20History%20of%20the%20Mongols_I-II%202004.pdf relevant section begins page 980.
Rashiddudin Fazlullah. Jami’ u’t-tawarikh: Compendium of Chronicles: A History of the Mongols. Translated by W. M. Thackston. Cambridge: MA, 1998.
Juzjani. Ṭabaḳāt-i-Nāṣirï: A General History of the Muhammadan Dynasties of Asia. Vol. II. Translated by H.G Raverty. London: Gilbert & Rivington, 1881.
https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.211407/page/n384
See pages 1085-1096 (curse you Raverty and your huge footnotes)
‘Ala-ad-Din ‘Ata-Malik Juvaini, The History of the World-Conqueror. Vol. I. Translated by John Andrew Boyle. Harvard: Harvard University Press, 1958.
https://archive.org/stream/historyoftheworl011691mbp#page/n3/mode/2up
See pages 180-183
Erdeni-yin Tobchi: Geschichte der Ost-Mongolen und Ihres Fürstenhauses, verfasst von Ssanag Ssetsen. Translated by Isaac Jacob Schmidt. St. Petersburg, 1829. https://archive.org/details/geschichtederost00ssan/page/n6 See pages 100-102 for Gurbelchin (in German)
The Travels of Marco Polo. Translated by William Marsden. Wordsworth Publishers, Hertfordshire, 1997. See page 67.
SECONDARY SOURCES:
Atwood, Christopher. Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. 2004
Batbayar, Tsedendamba. “Tracing the Last Military Campaign of Chinggis Khan: Myth and Reality.”
Bat-Ochir Bold. “The death and burial of Chinggis Khaan.” Central Asian Survey 19 no. 1 (2000): 95-115.
Boyle, John Andrew. “The Thirteenth-Century Mongols’ Conception of the After Life: The Evidence of their Funerary Practices.” Mongolian Studies 1 (1974): 5-14.
Elverskog, Johan. “The Legend of Muna Mountain.” Inner Asia 8 (2006): 99-122.
Man, John. The Mongol Empire: Genghis Khan, His Heirs, and the Founding of Modern China. Bantam Press, 2015. He has an interesting 'on the ground' section where he visits the Liupanshan.
McLynn, Frank. Genghis Khan: His Conquests, His Empire, His Legacy. De Capo Press, 2015.
Pelliot, Paul. Notes on Marco Polo, Vol I. 1959. http://altaica.ru/LIBRARY/Pelliot/Pelliot_Notes%20on%20Marco%20Polo_I%201959.pdf relevant section begins page 305.
Ratchnevsky, Paul. Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy. Translated and edited by Thomas Nivison Haining. Blackwell Publishers Ltd.: Oxford, 1991.
Wright, David C. “The Death of Chinggis Khan in Mongolian, Chinese, Persian, and European Sources.” Historical and Linguistic Interaction between Inner Asia and Europe 1997. 425-433
Chinggis Khan's Quest for Eternal Life? Qiu Chuji, 1219-1223
Perhaps the most well known religious figure of the early Mongol Empire was the Taoist master, Qiu Chuji, known also as Master Changchun. In 1219, Qiu Chuji was summoned to make the long trek to meet Chinggis Khan, and bring to him the elixir for eternal life. Since Chinggis has been dead for 800 years, obviously they were not successful in this endeavor, but we do see here a rather different side of Chinggis than we have before.
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/jackmeister
Translations of Qiu Chuji's journey:
Bretschneider, E. Notes on Chinese Medieval Travellers to the West. London: Trübner & Co, 1875. https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=QwXwHwwtnYYC&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA23 (starts page 15)
Bretschneider, E. Mediæval Researches From Eastern Asiatic Sources. New York: Barnes & Noble, 1888. http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/texts/changchun.html
Ch’ang-ch’un: The Travels of an Alchemist: The Journey of the Taoist Ch’ang-Ch’un from China to the Hindu Kush at the Summons of Chingiz Khan. Translated by Arthur Waley. London: Routledge & Sons, 1931. https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.43995/page/n7
Anya is live and ready to show you everything. Watch her strip, dance, and perform exclusive shows just for you. Interact in real-time and make your fantasies come true.
Free to watch • No registration required • HD streaming
Mongol Massacres in the Khwarezmian Empire: Reason for
The Mongol conquests are popularly associated with senseless massacre, an unparalleled period (before the twentieth century at least) of bloodshed, with the destruction of the Khwarezmian Empire a monument to unending brutality. But as we demonstrate here, even in this famous campaign, the Mongols were not aiming at the death of every person past the Syr Darya River, and took multiple approaches to the submission of cities. In this video we present the reasons for massacre, and the other alternatives cities in Khwarezm faced when Mongol armies reached their door.
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/jackmeister
Mongol Invasion of the Khwarezmian Empire: https://youtu.be/oBazW15L-F0 The Otrar Massacre: Why did the Mongols invade the Khwarezmian Empire? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ct-dz_ad4k Mongol Invasion of the Tangut Kingdom: https://youtu.be/ScgDJUf6GVA Mongol Invasion of the Jin Empire: 1211-1212: https://youtu.be/5RDRG3yGoqc
Mongol Invasion of the Jin Empire: 1212-1214: https://youtu.be/7aaM7trAWGg
Mongol-Jin War 1214-1216: the Fall of Zhongdu: https://youtu.be/wxHKwEHv79I
Jebe and Subutai: The Kalka River, 1223
Today, we look at one of the most famous victories of the Mongols: the Kalka River, 1223. Alongside is a healthy dose of historiography, relating to the notion of a Mongol-Venetian alliance dating to this episode, and the death of Jebe Noyan. And you better watch that Mongol-Venetian segment, because somehow that took the longest part to research out of all this. Next time we look at the Volga Bulghar encounter. There are some primary sources I am still hoping to track down and look through, and I want to discuss historigraphy, and why that battle is so often forgotten, so I decided to do it separately from this.
Part 1: Jebe and Subutai: Pursuit of the Shah and the Caucasus: https://youtu.be/Q-vJU_cIiL0
Translations of the Chronicle of Novgorod: http://faculty.washington.edu/dwaugh/rus/texts/MF1914.pdf see pages 64-66. A little dated (it is from 1914, and in their introduction they refer to white people as 'better races extending civilization across Siberia' or something like that. Classy!)
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/jackmeister
Often the Mongols are depicted as naught more than fur clad barbarians wielding clubs and foaming at the mouths, but in truth they were a disciplined, effective fighting force utilizing a variety of armours. This image was a collection of a number of individual pieces I've worked on over the last few months, showcasing the plethora of dress the Mongol warrior could wear, from the basic deel, to leather laminar, iron lamellar and the brigandine of the khatanghu degel. The Mongols wore armours which would have been recognizable to their Chinese and Central Asian neighbours, signifying the influences upon this cross continental empire. To learn more about early thirteenth century Mongol weapons and armours, check out my video on the topic: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8o9F3NPpu_g&feature=youtu.be