Jean-Louis Forain Joris-Karl Huysmans c. 1878

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Jean-Louis Forain Joris-Karl Huysmans c. 1878

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Luis BuĂąuel - Diary of a Chambermaid (1964)
"My own path back to the Church was cleared by a woman I was hooking up with years ago who asked me if I wanted to go to a church on the Upper West Side of Manhattan to hear the choir. For some reason, I said I did, and so we went to Mass where I heard Gregorian chant and polyphony in its liturgical context for the first time ever. That experience was enough to make me return the next Sunday, and the next Sunday after that. That initial experience of beauty led me back to the Church, where I eventually joined the choir and came to love Christ, the Church, the Scriptures, and the social teachings of the Church handed down to us over the centuries."
â Colin O'Brien: "Huysmans' Benedict Option"
The Devil's Mass: From Fiction to Reality
Our Mass of Blasphemy is one of the central rituals of the Church of the Morningstar. Though it has become a real and magically effective rite, its roots are in literature. The variant you will see tonight borrows from John Miltonâs Paradise Lost, Charles Baudelaireâs Litanies of Satan, and Aleister Crowleyâs Hymn to Lucifer. But it owes more to one source than to any other: namely, a decadentâŚ

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Ă Rebours (Against Nature): the neurosis and the "elegant" seclusion/A ritroso (Controcorrente): la nevrosi e lâisolamento âeleganteâ
or how to enjoy the abyss with surrogates and paintings by Gustave Moreau/ o di come gustarsi il baratro con surrogati e quadri di Gustave Moreau
Joris-Karl Huysmans, in his Ă Rebours (Against nature, 1884) gives us a protagonist who today would probably be diagnosed with a lethal combo of avoidant personality disorder, obsessive-compulsive traits and a marked taste for post-decadent furniture. Mr. Des Esseintes, the last scion of a decaying noble lineage, decides that the world is too vulgar to be inhabited, and so he abandons it.
No, he does not become a barefoot hermit on top of a mountain. He rents a villa in Fontenay-aux-Roses, surrounds himself with exquisitely useless objects (a tortoise with a shell encrusted with precious stones, for starters) and begins his experiment in aesthetic and neurotic isolation.
Neurosis or noble affectation?
But are we sure he is really sick? Or is he just a hippie with more money and less sun?
According to the DSM-5, avoidant disorder manifests itself with a tendency to escape from social interactions for fear of judgment. Des Esseintes is not afraid: he despises.
âThe sensitive universe no longer has any attraction,â writes Huysmans through him. No social phobia, no paralyzing anxiety: it is an aesthetics of rejection, a lucid and sophisticated nausea.
And yet, according to the research of Wilhelm Reich and Karen Horney, neurosis is often the construction of a false self in response to a world experienced as threatening. Des Esseintes builds a baroque self to avoid the banal, the commercial, the mediocre.
Is it neurosis or is it just that he has too much free time and too much Baudelaire in his head?
The laboratory of the useless
In his retreat, the protagonist does not live, he collects surrogate experiences. He does not travel: he reads tourist guides and drinks exotic liquors to imagine himself elsewhere. He does not eat: he elaborates absurd diets to "clean himself". He does not love: he takes pleasure in his own emotional impotence as if it were an aristocratic medal.
It is the triumph of simulation. As Baudrillard would say, Des Esseintes does not need reality, because he has replaced it with a more refined sign of unreality.
The grapes and the fox
So? Is it all an aesthetic game to mask failure? The comfort zone of the aimless dandy?
In part, yes. Des Esseintes is a man who has everything except a reason to live. And this, everything, as Viktor Frankl teaches us, can be a condemnation. Eccentricity is just a more elegant way to go mad.
But it would be too simple to reduce him to a âfox who canât reach the grapes.â Des Esseintes had the grapes, squeezed them, and found them dull. He is someone who has tasted the world and found it stale.
Like post-capitalist nihilism, Backwards describes the soul of modern man even before modernity overwhelms him: an anticipation of the saturated boredom of those who have too much, too quickly, and nothing true to hold on to.
Does isolating yourself with style work?
No. It doesnât last. In the end, Des Esseintes gets sick (like any organism deprived of vital stimuli), and returns to Paris.
Conclusion? Aesthetics donât save: neurosis isn't standable, and elegance doesnât protect. Eccentric isolation can offer moments of respite, but not healing.
As Foucault wrote, âMadness is the absolute truth of the subject who isolates himself.â But truth alone has never been enough to live.
Joris-Karl Huysmans, nel suo Ă Rebours (A ritroso, 1884), ci regala un protagonista che oggi verrebbe probabilmente diagnosticato con una combo letale di disturbo evitante di personalitĂ , tratti ossessivo-compulsivi e un accentuato gusto per lâarredamento post-decadente. Il signor Des Esseintes, ultimo rampollo di una stirpe nobiliare in via di decomposizione, decide che il mondo è troppo volgare per essere abitato, e dunque lo abbandona.
No, non diventa un eremita scalzo in cima a una montagna. Affitta una villa a Fontenay-aux-Roses, si circonda di oggetti squisitamente inutili (una tartaruga con il carapace incrostato di pietre preziose, tanto per cominciare) e comincia il suo esperimento di isolamento estetico e nevrotico.
Nevrosi o vezzo nobiliare?
Ma siamo sicuri che sia davvero malato? O è solo un hippie con piÚ soldi e meno sole?
Secondo il DSM-5, il disturbo evitante si manifesta con una tendenza alla fuga dalle interazioni sociali per paura del giudizio. Des Esseintes non ha paura: disprezza.
âLâuniverso sensibile non ha piĂš attrattiva alcunaâ, scrive Huysmans attraverso di lui. Nessuna fobia sociale, nessuna ansia paralizzante: è unâestetica del rifiuto, una nausea lucida e sofisticata. Eppure, secondo le ricerche di Wilhelm Reich e Karen Horney, la nevrosi è spesso la costruzione di un falso sĂŠ in risposta a un mondo vissuto come minaccioso. Des Esseintes costruisce un sĂŠ-barocco per evitare il banale, il commerciale, il mediocre.
à nevrosi o è solo che ha troppo tempo libero e troppo Baudelaire in testa?
Il laboratorio dellâinutile
Nel suo ritiro, il protagonista non vive, colleziona esperienze surrogate. Non viaggia: legge guide turistiche e beve liquori esotici per immaginarsi altrove. Non mangia: elabora diete assurde per "ripulirsi". Non ama: si compiace della propria impotenza affettiva come di una medaglia aristocratica.
Ă il trionfo della simulazione. Come direbbe Baudrillard, Des Esseintes non ha bisogno del reale, perchĂŠ lâha sostituito con un segno dellâirrealtĂ piĂš raffinato.
Lâuva e la volpe
E quindi? Ă tutto un gioco estetico per mascherare il fallimento? La zona di conforto del dandy senza scopo?
In parte sĂŹ. Des Esseintes è un uomo che ha tutto tranne una ragione per vivere. E questo tutto, come ci insegna Viktor Frankl, può essere una condanna. Lâeccentricità è solo un modo piĂš elegante per impazzire.
Ma sarebbe troppo semplice ridurlo a una âvolpe che non arriva allâuvaâ. Des Esseintes lâuva lâha avuta, lâha spremuta e lâha trovata insulsa. Ă uno che ha assaggiato il mondo e lâha trovato stantio.
Come il nichilismo post-capitalista, A Ritroso descrive lâanima dellâuomo moderno prima ancora che la modernitĂ lo travolga: unâanticipazione della noia saturata di chi ha troppo, troppo in fretta, e niente di vero a cui aggrapparsi.
Isolarsi con stile funziona?
No. Non dura. Alla fine Des Esseintes si ammala (come ogni organismo privato di stimoli vitali), e torna a Parigi.
Conclusione? Lâestetica non salva: la nevrosi è insostenibile, lâeleganza non protegge. Lâisolamento eccentrico può offrire momenti di tregua, ma non guarigione.
Come scrisse Foucault, âLa follia è lâassoluta veritĂ del soggetto che si isolaâ. Ma la veritĂ , da sola, non è mai stata sufficiente per vivere.
A 19th century novel just described TwilightâŚ
You ever get obsessed with something totally out of character? I'm on like my seventh novel by Joris-Karl Huysmans in the last couple months. Ya know how much I cared about 19th century French novels in... the rest of my life? About as much as I cared about learning French, which was nil. Yet here we are...