Florence Nightingale of the Philippines
โIf you happen to survive, and I fail, tell our people that the women of the Philippines did their part also in making the ember sparks of truth and liberty alive till the last moment.โ
EARLY LIFE
This is a biography of Josefa Madamba Llanes-Escoda. She was born on September 20, 1898, in the landlocked municipality in the coastal province of Ilocos Norte, Dingras. Her parents are Mercedes Madamba and Gabriel Llanes. She was the eldest among the seven children in their family. Josefa's siblings were Florencio, Luisa, Elvira, Rosario, Purita, and Eufrocina. When Josefa was young, she was called Pepa. Pepa grew up with great faith in God and grew up with an instilled idea of โโthe true Christian service. Pepa's mother is the one who told them the importance of serving people. This pleasant character filed by her mother embodied many parts of Pepa's life.
During Pepa's elementary day, she was known to be a cheerful, inherently active, and mature student. Because of her diligence in her studies and she is always focused on class. She graduated elementary and high school as valedictorian and salutatorian in Dingras, Ilocos Norte. She is also graduated with honors in 1919 from Philippine Norman School in Manila, where her degree is in teaching.
ADULTHOOD
She is working as a social worker for the Philippine chapter of the American Red Cross, which eventually sent her on a scholarship to Columbia University in New York. When Josefa was in the United States, she participated in civic activities, where she wore a Filipiniana dress for the first time. Later on, in 1923, Josefa served as the executive secretary of the National Federation of Women's Clubs (NFWC), fighting for women's involvement in the Philippine government.
She is famously quoted, "The modern woman is no longer the wife that clings; she now helps the husband. The womenโs demand for independence is motivated by their desire to help their husbands in governmental affairs which always required the moderation and wisdom of women.โ
In 1925, while she was at the Women's International League for Peace, she met Antonio Escoda, whom she later married. They had two children: Maria Theresa (which later became the President of the Cultural Center of the Philippines during the 1980's); and Antonio L. Escoda, Jr. She also earned her Master's Degree in Sociology in 1925.
GIRL SCOUT OF THE PHILIPPINES
1933, Josefa began her training in girl scout in the US. 1940 she return to the Philippines. She began training youngย womenย teachers of public and private schools to become Girl Scout leaders, whoย then proceeded to organize Girl Scout troops. On the 26th day month of May year 1940, The President Manuel L. Quezon signed the Girl Scouts of the Philippines.
WORLD WAR II
By gaining the trust of Japanese forces, Josefa use their resources to pass on to local prisoners in camps. Together with her husband, Josefaย aided Filipino war prisoners and American internees in concentration camps during World War II by supplying them medicines, foods, clothes, and they even acting as messenger. However, this came to a halt when she was exposed and executed by the Japanese when they found out about her contributions. Her husband Antonio was the first arrested in June 1944, and Josefa Llanes Escoda was also arrested two months later on 27 August. They was imprisoned in Fort Santiago, and her husband along with General Vicente Lim, a Filipino brigadier general and a world war II hero, they were executed in 1944.
6th day of January 1945, Josefa was taken and held in Far Eastern University one of the occupied by the Japanese. She was seen alive but Japanese beaten her and because of that she became weak, after that she was transferred into a Japanese transport truck. They assumed Josefa was executed and buried in an unmarked grave. They are not sure if the buried body of Josefa is in La Loma Cemetery or in Manila Chinese Cemetery, where thousand of Filipinos who insisted the Japanese occupation were used this as an execution or burial ground.
The person who last seen her alive was Lt. Jose L. Llanes, Commander of Ilocos Norte and Ilocos Sur. He said Josefa Llanes Escoda left this final message to him.
"I have done my duty to my country and God! To my mind the most I have done is having helped with the little I could do to save the lives of the surrendered soldiers of Bataan and Corregidor. I have offered myself as a guarantor for men later released by the enemy, that they commit no anti-Japanese act, men who, if they had the guts left would continue their resistance. I have acted as guarantors not only for the sake of humanity but also to encourage them to fight again. If you happen to survive, and I fail, tell our people that the women of the Philippines did their part also in making the ember sparks of truth and liberty alive till the last moment."
LEGACY
The Florence Nightingale of the Philippines, Josefa Llanes Escoda. If you are wondering what is the meaning of nightingale are symbolic of beauty and melody. Josefa became the melody or the voice of women. I admire her courage, how she gave justice to women, how she gave her voice to all women, and how she shared what she learned from scouting here in our country, especially with women. Her words will be sealed in the heart and mind of every woman who hears them, "The modern woman is no longer the wife that clings; she now helps the husband. The women's demand for independence is motivated by their desire to help their husbands in governmental affairs which always required the moderation and wisdom of women." I admired her even more for what she did to help Filipinos in need. She provided necessities even though she and her husband knew that would be the consequence of what they were doing would be their own lives.
The street, the building and the road have been named after Josefa Llanes Escoda. And she was depicted on the current 1000 peso bill in the Philippines. As a show of respect to the founder of the Girls Scout here in the Philippines, every September 20 the girl scout of the Philippines celebrating her birth anniversary with activities that create further awareness of her martyrdom and contribution to youth development.
"She is dead, but her presences can still feel the impact of what Josefa did on the Philippines, especially to all the women."








