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Morseduino keyboard based CW keyer

Based on an Arduino nano and CardKB mini keyboard. The parts you need to build it are

Arduino nano

CardKB mini keyboard

BC547 NPN transistor

1K resistor

5v reed relay

Socket for the reed relay

Stereo jack for the output

Two on-off-on switches, for speed and power

3D printer to make the enclosure

link to enclosure below

Wire up the speed switch with the centre pin to D13 of the Arduino, this is the reference pin. Connect the either side of the speed switch to D2 and D3 respectively

Wiring up the relay

The diode is not needed with a reed relay IC

The Arduino code

You will need this for the hardware to work, copy and paste it into Arduino IDE. Please respect my work and leave the top comment in.

/*

(c) 12/10/2024 Morseduino by Robert Rayner, M0YNW

This software has no warranty and you use it at your own risk.

*/

#include <Wire.h>

// Define pins for relay and LED

const int relayPin = 7; // relay output

const int ledPin = LED_BUILTIN; // built in LED (specify pin number if using an external LED)

const int speedSwitchA = 2;  // Pin connected to one side of the switch

const int speedSwitchB = 3;  // Pin connected to the other side of the switch

const int fastWPM = 20; // Fast speed (20 WPM)

const int slowWPM = 12; // Slow speed (12 WPM)

int wpm = fastWPM;  // Default WPM is set to fast

// Morse code timing variables

int dotDuration, dashDuration, elementSpace, letterSpace, wordSpace;

// Morse code representation for characters (A-Z, 0-9, /, =, . ?)

const char* morseCodeMap[43] = {

    ".-", "-...", "-.-.", "-..", ".", "..-.", "--.", "....", "..", ".---",  // A-J

    "-.-", ".-..", "--", "-.", "---", ".--.", "--.-", ".-.", "...", "-",   // K-T

    "..-", "...-", ".--", "-..-", "-.--", "--..",                           // U-Z

    "-----", ".----", "..---", "...--", "....-", ".....", "-....",          // 0-5

    "--...", "---..", "----.",                                              // 6-9

    "-..-.", "..--..", "-...-", ".-.-.-"                                     //Special characters: / . ? =

};

// CardKB I2C address

#define CARDKB_ADDR 0x5F

// Function to map character to Morse code

const char* getMorseCode(char c) {

    if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') {

        return morseCodeMap[c - 'A'];

    } else if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {

        return morseCodeMap[26 + (c - '0')];

    } else if (c == '/') {

        return morseCodeMap[36]; // Morse for /

    } else if (c == '?') {

        return morseCodeMap[37]; // Morse for ,

    } else if (c == '=') {

        return morseCodeMap[38]; // Morse for =

    } else if (c == '.') {

        return morseCodeMap[39]; // Morse for .

    } else {

        return ""; // Return empty for unsupported characters

    }

}

// Function to read the slide switch and set WPM

void readSpeedSwitch() {

    // Read both switch states with internal pull-up resistors enabled

    int switchAState = digitalRead(speedSwitchA);

    int switchBState = digitalRead(speedSwitchB);

    // Update WPM if one switch is high and the other is low

    if (switchAState == LOW && switchBState == HIGH) {

        wpm = fastWPM;  // Set WPM to fast speed (20 WPM)

    } else if (switchAState == HIGH && switchBState == LOW) {

        wpm = slowWPM;  // Set WPM to slow speed (12 WPM)

    }

    // Update timing variables based on the current WPM

    updateWpmTiming();

}

// Function to transmit Morse code

void transmitMorse(const char* morse) {

    while (*morse) {

        if (*morse == '.') {

            digitalWrite(relayPin, HIGH);

            digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); // Turn on LED

            delay(dotDuration);

            digitalWrite(relayPin, LOW);

            digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW); // Turn off LED

            delay(elementSpace);

        } else if (*morse == '-') {

            digitalWrite(relayPin, HIGH);

            digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); // Turn on LED

            delay(dashDuration);

            digitalWrite(relayPin, LOW);

            digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW); // Turn off LED

            delay(elementSpace);

        }

        morse++;

    }

    delay(letterSpace); // Space between letters

}

// Function to read a key from CardKB

char readCardKB() {

    char key = '\0';  // Initialize with null character

    Wire.requestFrom(CARDKB_ADDR, 1);  // Request one byte from the CardKB

    if (Wire.available()) {

        key = Wire.read();  // Read the byte from the CardKB

    }

    return key;  // Return the key (or null if nothing was read)

}

// Update WPM and timing variables based on new WPM

void updateWpmTiming() {

    dotDuration = 1200 / wpm;

    dashDuration = dotDuration * 3;

    elementSpace = dotDuration;

    letterSpace = dotDuration * 3;

    wordSpace = dotDuration * 7;

}

void setup() {

    Serial.begin(9600);

    pinMode(relayPin, OUTPUT);

    pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); // Set the LED pin as OUTPUT

    Wire.begin();  // Initialize I2C communication with the CardKB

    // Enable internal pull-up resistors for the switch pins

    pinMode(speedSwitchA, INPUT_PULLUP);

    pinMode(speedSwitchB, INPUT_PULLUP);

    digitalWrite(13, HIGH); //connect this to the centre pin of the speed switch

    updateWpmTiming();  // Set initial WPM and timing values

}

void loop() {

    // Read the current position of the slide switch

    readSpeedSwitch();

    // Read key from CardKB

    char c = readCardKB();

    if (c != '\0') {  // If a key was pressed

        Serial.print("Key pressed: ");

        Serial.println(c);

        const char* morse = getMorseCode(toupper(c)); // Convert to uppercase and get Morse code

        if (morse[0] != '\0') { // If valid Morse code

            transmitMorse(morse);

        } else if (c == ' ') { // Handle space between words

            delay(wordSpace);

        }

    }

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