#grammartips

Master the difference between "told" and "said" with simple meanings, examples, and common mistakes! 📚✨

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Table of Contents What is the Rule of Speech? What are the Types of Reported Speech? What is Reported Speech Format? How to Teach Reported Speech Step by Step?

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Examples:

I, you, he, she, it, we, they

Me, him, her, us, them

Usage in sentences:

He is my friend.

They are playing football.

Can you give it to me?

Types of Pronouns:

Personal Pronouns: I, you, he, she, it, we, they https://www.englisherawithamitpoonia.com/2026/04/personal-pronoun.html

Possessive Pronouns: mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs https://www.englisherawithamitpoonia.com/2026/04/possessive-and-reflexive-pronoun.html

Reflexive Pronouns: myself, yourself, himself, herself https://www.englisherawithamitpoonia.com/2026/04/possessive-and-reflexive-pronoun.html

Demonstrative Pronouns: this, that, these, those https://www.englisherawithamitpoonia.com/2026/04/interrogative-vs-relative-and-demonstrative-pronoun.html  

Interrogative Pronouns: who, whom, which, what https://www.englisherawithamitpoonia.com/2026/04/interrogative-vs-relative-and-demonstrative-pronoun.html

Relative Pronouns: who, whom, whose, which, that Interrogative vs Relative and Demonstrative Pronoun

Indefinite Pronouns: someone, anybody, everyone https://www.englisherawithamitpoonia.com/2026/04/indefinite-pronoun.html

Reciprocal Pronoun                                          https://www.englisherawithamitpoonia.com/2026/04/indefinite-pronoun.html

Emphatic and Distributive Pronoun      https://www.englisherawithamitpoonia.com/2026/04/emphatic-and-distributive-pronoun.html

What is a Complement? A complement is a word or group of words that completes the meaning of a subject, verb, or object. Without it, the sentence feels incomplete or unclear.

आसान भाषा में (In Hindi) Complement वह शब्द या शब्दों का समूह होता है जो sentence के meaning को पूरा करता है। इसके बिना sentence अधूरा लगता है।

Types of Complement (with examples)

1 Subject Complement  She is happy. (happy = subject complement)

Definition: “Be verbs” are special verbs that show state, condition, identity, or existence instead of action.

Be verbs ऐसी क्रियाएँ होती हैं जो किसी की स्थिति, अवस्था, पहचान या अस्तित्व को दर्शाती हैं, न कि कोई काम (action)।

Be verbs:

👉 am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been

1. AM (हूँ)

Used with I

2. IS (है)

Used with He, She, It, Singular noun

3. ARE (हैं)

Used with You, We, They, Plural noun

4. WAS (था / थी)

Used for past singular

5. WERE (थे / थीं)

Used for past plural / you

6. BE (होना)

Base form (used with modals / infinitive)

1. Sentence (वाक्य)

A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought, idea, or meaning. It must have at least a subject (who or what the sentence is about) and a predicate.

2. Clause (उपवाक्य / खंड)

A clause is a group of words that contains at least a subject and a verb, and it forms a part of a sentence or sometimes a complete sentence by itself. It is important because it helps us express complete or partial ideas clearly.

3. Independent clause

An independent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought, meaning it can stand alone as a full sentence without needing any additional information.

a. Dependent Clause (आश्रित उपवाक्य)

A dependent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb but does not express a complete thought, so it cannot stand alone as a sentence.

b. Phrase (वाक्यांश)

A phrase is a group of words that work together to express a single idea but do not form a complete sentence because they lack either a subject, a verb, or a complete thought. 

1. Sentence (वाक्य)

A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought, idea, or meaning. It must have at least a subject (who or what the sentence is about) and a predicate.

2. Clause (उपवाक्य / खंड)

A clause is a group of words that contains at least a subject and a verb, and it forms a part of a sentence or sometimes a complete sentence by itself. It is important because it helps us express complete or partial ideas clearly.

3. Independent clause

An independent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought, meaning it can stand alone as a full sentence without needing any additional information.

a. Dependent Clause (आश्रित उपवाक्य)

A dependent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb but does not express a complete thought, so it cannot stand alone as a sentence.

b. Phrase (वाक्यांश)

A phrase is a group of words that work together to express a single idea but do not form a complete sentence because they lack either a subject, a verb, or a complete thought.