#freedman

The Freedman's Cemetery, or Freemen's Cemetery, was established in 1861 as a burial ground for the early African American population in Dallas, Texas. It was an active burial site from 1869 until 1907, supported by the historic Black settlement of Freeman's town founded by formerly enslaved people (the town was located roughly 1 mile (1.6 km) from Deep Ellum, Dallas).

The cemetery was lost sometime after the building of the North Central Expressway in the mid-1940s, which cut through the space. Local authorities had removed the grave stones and covered the cemetery with a lawn to form a city park. In the summer of 1990, the Freedman's Cemetery burial ground was rediscovered when the park was renovated; some 800 marked graves were found and an estimated 1,200 unmarked graves.

The Freedman's Cemetery Memorial was created in 1990, to honor those that were buried and provide community healing.

[Photos taken by me in 2010]

A story from a former slave, Mary Middleton, a Gullah woman from the South Carolina Sea Islands, told of an incident of a slaveholder who was physically weakened from conjure. A slaveholder beat one his slaves badly. The slave he beat went to a conjurer and the conjurer made the slaveholder weak by sunset. Middleton said, "As soon as the sun was down, he was down too, he down yet. De witch done dat." Bishop Jamison was born enslaved in Georgia in 1848 and wrote an autobiographical account of his life. On a plantation in Georgia there was an enslaved Hoodoo man named Uncle Charles Hall who prescribed herbs and charms for slaves to protect themselves from European people.

Hall instructed the slaves to anoint roots three times daily and chew and spit roots towards their enslavers for their protection. Another slave story talked about an enslaved woman named Old Julie who was a conjure woman and was known among the slaves on the plantation to conjure death. Old Julie conjured so much death, her slaveholder sold her away to stop her from killing people on the plantation with conjure. Her enslaver put her on a steamboat to take her to her new slaveholder in the Deep South. According to the stories of freedmen after the Civil War, Old Julie used her conjure powers to turn the steamboat around back to where the boat was docked, which forced her slaveholder who tried to sell her away to keep her.

Another woman has accused Ed Westwick of rape. Us Weekly reported, Haley Freedman became the fourth person to accuse the former Gossip Girl actor of sexual assault, having filed a police report on Wednesday. "I can confirm Haley filed a police report on Wednesday, regarding allegations that Ed Westwick raped her," Haley's representative told Us Weekly. "She will be meeting with the district attorney next week."

Another source told the magazine that Haley "came prepared with evidence including personal medication information from her doctors to back up her claims against Ed Westwick." "The police report will remain confidential since there is private medical information that Haley handed over," the source told the magazine. "Haley plans on meeting with prosecutors next week and is fully cooperating with authorities."

The Los Angeles Police Department later confirmed to Bustle that a police report was filed. Teen Vogue has reached out to reps for Westwick and will update when we hear back.

Previously, Ed was accused of sexual assault by three other women. In mid-November, a woman named Rachel Eck said the actor sexually assaulted her at a villa in West Hollywood the night before the 2014 Academy Awards. According to Rachel, Ed allegedly tried to kiss her and push her against the wall multiple times before eventually pushing her onto a bed, where he "aggressively groped" her.

The accusation came just a week after former actor Aurélie Wynn accused the actor of raping her at a rental home in 2014. "I said no and he pushed me face down and was powerless under his weight," she wrote in a Facebook post. "I was wearing a one piece bathing suit that he ripped, I was in complete shock, I am also very tiny."

The pre-American Civil War practice of kidnapping into slavery in the United States occurred in both free and slave states, and both fugitive slaves and free negroes were transported slave markets and sold, often multiple times. There were also rewards for the return of fugitives.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org › wiki

Kidnapping into slavery in the United States - Wikipedia

What was the difference between freedmen and slaves?