Everyone gets the benefit of the doubt once when it comes to bringing about the end of the world; it's actually very reasonable to fail to anticipate the literal apocalypse. However, and this is key, one only gets the benefit of the doubt once. Ending the world a second time is all on you.
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If you'd like an essay-formatted version of this post to read or share, here's a link to it on pluralistic.net, my surveillance-free, ad-free, tracker-free blog:
"Gish Gallop" is the debating term for an opponent who makes so many claims that "it's impossible to address them in the time available" (it's named for Creationist Duane Gish, who was notorious for this tactic):
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gish_gallop
I think about the Gish Gallop whenever I'm asked to comment on AI.
Here's a recent example: last week, I had a pre-interview call with a radio producer who wanted me to come on a 13-minute segment to discusses "whether there's a problem with AI governance?"
I asked what the show meant by that: was it whether regulation of AI in commercial or public sector decision-making needed more oversight? Was it that the siting and provisioning of data-centers needed more democratic accountability? Was it that workers deserved more of a say in AI's impact on labor markets? Was it that customers and/or audiences should be able to opt out of AI customer service and AI slop? Was it about whether we needed some kind of system to prevent "runaway AI," in the event that we teach so many words to the word-guessing program that it wakes up, becomes God, and turns us all into paperclips?
"Oh," the producer said, "all of that."
In 13 minutes.
You see the problem, right? The AI industry has made so many claims about its past, present and future that it's almost impossible to have a reasonable critical conversation about it:
Shortly after I did the radio show, a newspaper editor who'd heard my segment got in touch to ask me if I'd write an 800-word op-ed about the subject, and also, could I address claims that "AI is the next Industrial Revolution?"
I keep finding myself on stages or panels where an AI-struck person says something like, "AI is the next industrial revolution. It will change everything we do. It will let anyone create important works of art. It will cure cancer. It will take us to space. It will solve the climate crisis."
Or sometimes it's an AI critic, but that person's criticism is really more "criti-hype," which is when you accept tech industry hype claims at face value, and then criticize them rather than questioning them:
AI criti-hype might ask what we'll do once AI takes all our jobs, or what we'll do when AI replaces the government or teachers or doctors, or what we'll do when AI can bypass our critical faculties and brainwash us or drive us all mad.
What do you say to that? I usually start by talking about whether there's any economic basis for keeping the AI servers running. AI is – by far – the money-losingest venture in human history, and it's practically impossible to overstate just how bad the AI business is. Not only does AI have terrible unit economics, those unit economics are getting worse over time:
AI's happiest customers cite cost-benefit calculations that depend on truly unimaginable subsidies from the AI companies, who are basically selling $100 bills for $5 apiece. It would be pretty amazing if you couldn't find people who'd extol the virtues of this arrangement. But when AI companies try to raise the price of those $100 bills to, say, $20 apiece, those ecstatic customers fly into a rage and start loudly proclaiming that AI is so inefficient that they will lose money on this arrangement:
Now, it shouldn't fall to me, a card-carrying member of the Democratic Socialists of America, to point out that capitalist enterprises require profits to be sustainable. You can't keep a business afloat by selling $100 bills for $5, nor for $20. You can't even make a profit selling $100 bills for $100 apiece! For a company to succeed, it needs to take in more than it expends.
AI is a money-furnace, and AI hustlers are clearly on the hunt for a way to force all of us to feed every dime we've got to it. Elon Musk's (now scuttled) gambit to make every pension saver in America bail out Grok (and Twitter, but at a mere $44b, the losses from Twitter are dwarfed by the titanic losses from Grok) was the most ambitious and shameless population-scale bag-holder scheme, but it's not the only one:
So before we ask about the capabilities AI will acquire in the future, we should at least give some consideration to the question of whether anyone will be willing to fund the development of those capabilities, and if so, where the money would come from? Likewise, before we ask whether AI can perform adequately in a job, we should at least consider the possibility that the company that sells that AI tool will be bankrupt in a year or two. When we fight about data-center buildout, we mostly talk about the (considerable) environmental downsides to them – but what about the question of what we will do with these data-centers after their owners go bankrupt, possibly even before they can be provisioned with electricity? How many laser-tag arenas do we actually need?
This is just one example of the questions that you could spend days unpacking, which make many of the other questions about AI a little silly. Like, even if you think there are limitless returns to scale for creating new AI capabilities, which means that if we keep the money-furnace burning it's only a matter of time until it powers a cure for cancer and the end of the climate emergency, how much money do we need to shovel into the furnace before that happens, and where will it come from? There are plenty of cancer researchers who have promising approaches they haven't been able to pursue due to funding shortfalls.
Unless there's some way to estimate how much money we have to give to AI companies before they cure cancer, we should at least consider the possibility that the true sum is "more money than exists now and that will ever exist." We should also consider that whatever benefits to cancer research that AI might deliver could come with a higher price-tag than the promising cancer research we're dropping because we can't find far more modest sums.
Likewise, it may be that the amount of CO2 that AI will generate atmosphere before it "solves climate change" will render Earth permanently unfit for humans, consuming the only habitable planet capable of sustaining human life in the known universe. I mean, I suppose that's one way to "solve" climate change, but it's a pretty drastic solution.
My next book (out later this month) is The Reverse Centaur's Guide to Life After AI. I wrote it because I was frustrated by other people demanding that I talk to them about AI, and then handing me 800 words or 13 minutes to address fifty nebulous, poorly supported claims about AI:
Now that I'm about to go out on the road with the book, I find myself frustrated anew by the need to try and pull together a compact way to address the broad, incoherent claims the industry uses to keep its bubble inflated and the money furnaces roaring. The series of essays I've developed here on Pluralistic are part of that effort:
But it occurred to me that this whole enterprise of making sense of AI needs to be framed in the context of the messiness of AI itself, and AI boosters' overwhelming, promiscuous and disjointed Gish Gallop.
Is it wrong for Iran to want to have nuclear weapons? Israel has them - why don't they need to denuclearise if we talk about peace?
Anon is saying: Israel has them, therefore it's unfair to deny the Iranian regime the nuclear weapons it seeks.
The fairness argument sounds intuitive until you ask what 'fair' actually means in a world where states have different intentions, different records, and different legal obligations
In geopolitics, morality isn't about ensuring everyone has the same toys. It's about harm reduction.
If you apply a consistent moral principle like "it is wrong for a state to explicitly call for the mass murder of another people," the deceptively simplistic fairness assertion falls apart.
Iran's regime hangs protesters from cranes, murders ~40,000 of its citizens in a couple days, and routinely calls for genocide of another people...which makes it awkward to argue they should have the most destructive weapons in human history bEcAuSe FaIrNeSs.
This isn't a rational argument, let alone a moral one.
Which of these is not like the others?
The US's nuclear deterrence threat: "Don't attack us with nukes or we'll take you with us"
France's/UK's nuclear deterrence threat: "Don't attack us with nukes or we'll take you with us."
Israel's nuclear deterrence intent: "Don't wipe us out, or we'll take you with us"
The Iranian regime's explicit, publicly-stated intent for their weapons: "Death to Israel".
The Islamic Republic has made "Death to Israel" and the destruction of the Jewish state a core pillar of its identity for nearly 50 years. It funds proxies like Hezbollah and Hamas on the basis of this shared, explicitly genocidal goal.
When a regime that regularly executes its own citizens for protesting and that calls for the erasure of another country wants nukes, the world sees a high-risk actor shaped by an apocalyptic theological faction whose doctrine holds that engineering chaos accelerates the return of the Mahdi. It's an actual operational framework that treats civilizational catastrophe as a goal.
No country officially supports Iran acquiring a bomb. No sane leader even approves of the idea in private.
Since antizionists are fond of citing internal law they haven't read, let's look at the legal angle:
Iran is a signatory to the NPT. By signing it, they legally committed to never developing nuclear weapons in exchange for access to peaceful nuclear technology. When the regime pursues a bomb, it isn't just making a weapon, it's also breaking a legal contract it chose to sign - and it has already violated the NPT repeatedly.
Israel did not sign on to the NPT and is not, therefore, bound by it.
The "fairness" framing of the Ask also ignores how Israel actually holds its weapons.
Israel has never officially admitted to having nukes - it has conducted no nuclear tests and made no announcements in a policy called amimut (opacity). The purpose of amimut is to prevent a regional arms race. A confirmed arsenal might force every neighbor to seek to match it, but an unconfirmed one deters without triggering an arms race.
Iran, by contrast, has been openly enriching uranium toward weapons-grade while chanting "Death to Israel" at state functions.
Anon's framing falsely assumes the only relevant variable is who has the weapon.
In reality, the relevant variables are (1) who holds it, (2) what they've said they'll do with it, (3) what legal obligations they've accepted, and (4) what their actual record of behavior looks like.
By every one of those measures, Israel and Iran are not comparable cases.
Pretending they're comparable and calling it a matter of fairness isn't an attempt at moral consistency - it's selective framing meant to conceal the overtly malign and dangerous intent of the regime in Iran.
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I think it’s so beautiful that in some continuities, Earth is Unicron. Like this has the potential to be handled SO poetically and Transformers Prime actually did a pretty good job (compared with the movies (though if you ignore what the writers were actually going for you could argue those told a poignant and very different type of story in spite of themselves (Autobots and humanity are pure evil, the horrors of empire, etc. (but im four parentheses deep now so I’d better quit while I’m ahead). ). ). ).
Where was I? Ok, imagine you’re an Autobot, homesick and war-weary, but you’ve landed on a planet that isn’t half bad, and you’ve bonded with the natives of this planet more so than most planets in the cosmos. They look nothing like you, yet you click. They even drive around in vehicles that look like you (or that you can turn into, depending on continuity)! How did they know?
You always click with the earthlings, over and over and over throughout time and continuity. Like brothers from another mother.
But they are small, and weak, and have little capability to defend themselves against the greater weapons and forces out there in the cosmos. So you pledge your lives to defend this planet and its species. Earth becomes your home away from home; the Earthlings become your allies, your friends, your families.
And then you discover that the core of this home away from home is FUCKING UNICRON?! The devil from the Bible, greatest enemy of Primus, core of your homeworld???
The Earth’s inhabitants, your family, are by extension Unicron’s children. Oh yeah and suddenly all these human-built constructs which only serve to hurt the majority of their species suddenly start making a whole lot of sense. All their history? Starts making sense. And you realize you’ve let Unicron’s children into your spark and home. What does this mean for you and the future of your species? Do you still trust them? Are they by default pure evil, or is there hope for them? How do you separate them from their evil creator, the very core of their planet?
Naturally, this is the part of the narrative where fucking Unicron starts waking up and we don’t have time to have a crisis of eschatology right now, we’re rather busy trying to postpone eschatology another hundred years.
And the humans seem to be helping us put down the furious waking core of their own planet, hmm, maybe they’re not 100% evil. Maybe the line of good and evil is not so clear cut in this species. Thinking about Primus’ children as pure good does seem rather silly now that we think back on the centuries of war we’ve had.
Idk I just think there’s a lot that can be said here and I have only managed to scratch the surface of THE THEMES in this post. Every time media portrays the core of the earth as alive, it fills me with such a weird, thrilling feeling of meaning. The fact that transformers made it evil adds layers to the meaning. Idk what I’m trying to say yet. Just know that if I were in charge of directing a transformers movie, Unicron would be the slumbering earth’s core, and he would be hungry