In the 1970s, the dramatic expansion of the cattle industry in Costa Rica led to rapid deforestation of dry forests. In the 1980s, several international environmentalists and groups led efforts to buy up land from ranchers and create vast national parks that created contiguous ecological paths for migratory animals between the tropical rain and cloud forests in eastern Costa Rica to the dry forests along the Pacific coast. The major national parks that protect the dry forest regions of Costa Rica are: Guanacaste, Santa Rosa, Lomas de Barbudal, Palo Verde, Barra Honda, and Rincon de la Vieja.
With a dry season that lasts approximately eight months, and an average of less than 6 feet of rain each year, plants and animals in the dry tropical forest have adapted to fit these conditions. Predominantly deciduous trees shed their leaves during the dry season to conserve essential water; and animals require large territories for food supply.