#deposits

Source: PORPHYRY AND EPITHERMAL MINERAL DEPOSITS

Porphyry and epithermal deposits are two major types of hydrothermal ore deposits formed by magmatic fluids during the cooling and crystallization of magma bodies beneath the Earth's surface. Porphyry deposits are typically large, low-grade systems associated with copper and gold, while epithermal deposits are smaller, high-grade veins rich in gold and silver, forming at shallower crustal levels. The following explains a comparative geological cross-section illustrating the formation environments and characteristics of porphyry copper-gold (Cu-Au) and epithermal gold-silver (Au ± Ag) deposits:

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PORPHYRY AND EPITHERMAL MINERAL DEPOSITS Porphyry and epithermal deposits are two major types of hydrothermal ore deposits formed by magmatic fluids during the cooling and crystallization of magma bodies beneath the Earth's surface. Porphyry deposits are typically large, low-grade systems associated with copper and gold, while epithermal deposits are smaller, high-grade veins rich in gold and silver, forming at shallower crustal levels. The following explains a comparative geological cross-section illustrating the formation environments and characteristics of porphyry copper-gold (Cu-Au) and epithermal gold-silver (Au ± Ag) deposits: 1. Porphyry Cu-Au System (Left Side of Diagram) Location in Crust: Forms at greater depths and larger in size. Rock Alteration Zones: Potassic/Hornfels Zone: Closest to the magmatic source; high-temperature alteration. Phyllic/Argillic Zone: Intermediate alteration zone with quartz-sericite-pyrite minerals. Propylitic Zone: Outer alteration zone with chlorite, epidote, and calcite. Structures: Includes D-veins, breccia pipes, and stockworks within wallrock porphyry. Associated Deposits: Yanacocha and Veladero are key examples. 2. Epithermal Au ± Ag System (Right Side of Diagram) Location in Crust: Forms nearer to the surface in volcanic and sedimentary settings. Types: High Sulphidation: Associated with acidic fluids, advanced argillic alteration, and diatremes (e.g., Lepanto, La Arena). Low Sulphidation: Neutral-pH fluids forming in structurally controlled zones (e.g., Pajingo, Hishikari). Alteration Zones: Includes clay-rich zones, silica caps, and vuggy quartz structures. Host Rocks: Varies from tuffs, sandstones, andesites to metamorphic basement. 3. Geological Context Magmatic Source: Drives hydrothermal fluid flow leading to metal precipitation. Structural Controls: Faults, domes, and fracture zones guide mineralizing fluids. Rock Types: Include lapilli tuff, sandstone, andesite, welded tuff, and metamorphic rocks.

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“The valley floor deposits have been partly or completely buried by postglacial allluvial fans and talus cones from the valley walls.”

Give them a contract up front that you’ve ideally made to seal up any holes (revisions cap, kill fees, feedback deadlines) and help educate them through the process. If you don’t have one, you can start with our Contracts 101 Onesheet & template. If they have a contract, read it really really really well. Chances are no other artist has tried poking holes in it yet, and it’ll be a contract more suited to other kinds of work.

Also, remember to act like the professional. Not in an arrogant way, but in a confident way. Think of yourself as an adventure tour guide. Set expectations in advance. The number one problem with inexperienced clients is that they don’t know what they don’t know. It’s your job to know about the rapids that art jobs can hit and make sure everyone is wearing their life vest in advance. Before you get going plot out how you usually work (what you need in a brief, how long you get till you give them thumbs, how many thumbs they get, how soon you expect feedback, etc.)

And lastly, GET A DEPOSIT BEFORE YOU START. If they balk at 50% then get 25% at thumbs and another 25% after they approve thumbs before you go on.

—Agent KillFee