#dcwaterpump

As automotive intelligence advances, domain controllers—the central computing hubs of autonomous vehicles—face rapidly growing computational demands. This surge in processing power creates significant thermal management challenges. Efficient cooling is essential not only for system stability but also for ensuring the safety and reliability of autonomous driving.

This article reviews the classification of autonomous driving, domain controller architectures, and cooling technologies, with a particular focus on the critical role of liquid cooling pumps.

I. Classification and Computing Power Requirements of Autonomous Driving

According to the SAE standards, autonomous driving technologies can be categorized by their level of automation:

L1–L2 (Assisted Driving): Functions such as ACC and LKA, with computing power requirements below 10 TOPS. Air cooling is sufficient.

L3 (Conditional Automation): Examples include traffic jam assist, requiring 30–100 TOPS and active cooling.

L4–L5 (High/Full Automation): Such as Robotaxi systems, demanding 100–1000+ TOPS, where liquid cooling becomes essential.

Conclusion: The higher the level of automation, the greater the power consumption of the domain controller—and the more demanding the technical challenges for the cooling system become.

II. Domain Controller Types and Thermal Characteristics

III. Cooling Technologies for Domain Controllers

1. Air Cooling – Cost-Effective for Low to Mid Computing Power Scenarios

Principle: Heat is dissipated through forced air convection using fans, combined with aluminum heat sinks or heat pipes.

Advantages: Simple structure and low cost.

Limitations: Limited heat dissipation capacity; difficult to handle power consumption above 100W.

2. Liquid Cooling – The Mainstream Choice for High Computing Power Systems

Cold Plate Liquid Cooling: Coolant flows through a metal cold plate, indirectly cooling the chips.

Immersion Cooling: The entire domain controller is immersed in an insulating coolant (still in experimental stages).

Advantages: 5–10 times higher heat dissipation efficiency than air cooling, supporting sustained high-load operation.

3. Phase Change Materials (PCM) & Thermoelectric Cooling (TEC)

PCM: Absorbs heat during phase transition at high temperatures, suitable for handling short-term power peaks.

TEC: Uses the Peltier effect for active cooling; energy consumption is high, so it is typically used for localized hot spots.

IV. The Key Role of Pumps in Domain Controller Liquid Cooling Systems

At the core of any liquid cooling system lies the efficient circulation of coolant — and the liquid cooling pump serves as its “heart.” The pump’s performance directly determines the overall cooling efficiency.

Pump Types and Selection

Mechanical Centrifugal Pump: Simple in structure and low in cost, but limited in flow rate and pressure capability.

Electronic Pump (Brushless DC Pump): Features leak-free operation, long service life, precise flow control, and low noise — making it ideal for autonomous driving domain controllers.

Technical Challenges for Pumps

Reliability: Must comply with automotive-grade standards (e.g., AEC-Q100) and achieve a service life of over 10 years.

Efficiency: High flow rate with low power consumption is a key performance metric.

Integration: Requires co-design with the cooling plate and piping system to minimize space usage and enhance overall compactness.

V. Future Trends: Intelligence + Standardization

Intelligent Thermal Management Systems

AI-driven algorithms predict thermal loads in real time, dynamically adjusting pump speed and coolant flow for optimal efficiency.

Standardized Liquid Cooling Interfaces

The industry is moving toward unified quick-connect fittings and standardized coolant compositions, such as 50% ethylene glycol–water solutions.

Material Innovation

Emerging technologies like graphene cold plates and nanofluid coolants are gradually being commercialized.

Conclusion

From air cooling to liquid cooling, from mechanical pumps to intelligent electronic pumps — the evolution of domain controller cooling technologies is the “behind-the-scenes hero” driving the computing power boom in autonomous driving. In the future, as centralized computing architectures become mainstream, efficient, compact, and intelligent cooling solutions will become one of the key competitive advantages for automakers and Tier 1 suppliers.

I. PWM Speed Control Principle: A Smarter, More Precise Way to Regulate Flow

PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) is a technology that precisely controls the speed of a pump motor by adjusting the duty cycle of pulse signals. Its core principle lies in high-frequency switching control (typically ranging from 100 Hz to 100 kHz), which changes the on–off ratio of voltage within a given time period, thereby enabling linear adjustment of the instant hot water dispenser pump’s flow rate.

Compared with traditional analog voltage regulation, PWM control offers significant advantages in terms of precision and response speed. With a duty cycle adjustment range of 10%–100%, it enables fine flow rate control with an accuracy of up to ±5%. The system also provides ultra-fast response — less than 20 ms across the entire flow range — making it ideal for applications requiring real-time, dynamic adjustments.

II. Application of PWM Function in Hot Water Dispenser: Coordinated Control of Temperature and Flow Rate

In a under-sink filtered hot water dispenser, the target water temperature is achieved by mixing high-temperature water from the heating tank with room-temperature water filtered through the RO membrane. The core equation is:

Target Temperature = (Hot Water Flow × Hot Water Temperature + Cold Water Flow × Cold Water Temperature) / Total Flow

In this process, the cold-water flow rate is typically fixed, and the hot-water temperature remains relatively stable. Therefore, the key variable is the hot-water flow rate. Thanks to its flexible speed control capability, the PWM pump serves as the critical actuator that enables both precise temperature regulation and stable flow control.

Multi-Scenario Adaptability: instant hot water dispenser with heating functions usually offer multiple dispensing modes such as room-temperature, formula milk (≈45°C), or boiling water (≈90°C). When the user selects a specific mode—say, “45°C for baby formula” or “90°C for coffee”—it effectively sends an exact command to the main control unit. The controller instantly calculates the required hot-water flow rate and transmits a corresponding PWM signal to hot water dispenser pump. Depending on the situation, the flow demand may vary from delicate trickle to rapid supply (typically between 500 mL/min and 3.5 L/min). A high-quality PWM water pump can respond quickly, automatically adjusting its duty cycle and speed according to the controller’s signal. With excellent linearity and repeatability across different duty cycles, it ensures precise control of hot water flow.

Real-Time Temperature Compensation Mechanism: The system is equipped with built-in temperature sensors that continuously monitor the heating status. When any deviation from the target temperature is detected, the main controller dynamically adjusts the PWM duty cycle. Through this temperature–PWM closed-loop control, the system achieves high-precision temperature stability in real time.

III. PWM Water Pump Selection Guidelines

As the “core engine” of Instant Hot Water Undersink Dispenser System, the water pump directly determines the overall performance, user satisfaction, and product lifespan. When selecting a PWM hot water dispenser pump, manufacturers should carefully evaluate the following key factors:

1) Flow Rate and Head Pressure

Does your water pump’s rated flow and head pressure meet the system design requirements? Can it maintain stable output under varying hydraulic resistance? Adequate head pressure ensures that hot water can overcome pipeline resistance and be delivered smoothly, while an appropriate flow rate directly affects how quickly and steadily the target water temperature is achieved. Insufficient flow or head may lead to slow dispensing, unstable temperature, and ultimately poor user experience.

2) High Precision and Linearity

Is the pump’s flow output accurate at different duty cycles (e.g., 30%, 50%, 70%)? Does its flow–duty cycle curve remain smooth and linear? These factors directly determine temperature control accuracy. A non-linear pump will cause MCU control algorithms to fail, making it impossible to precisely reach the preset temperature levels.

3) Excellent Batch Consistency and Stability

At the same duty cycle, does the pump maintain stable flow output over time? Is its performance consistent between individual units and across production batches? This consistency ensures that the product performs reliably throughout its lifecycle and across all production lots — a cornerstone of brand reputation.

4) Response Speed and Reliability

Can the pump respond quickly to PWM signals? Fast response is essential for the system to execute timely corrections and maintain precise control. Meanwhile, the brushless motor design must ensure long service life and high reliability, aligning with the overall product’s quality standards.

5) Low Noise and Durability

How quiet is the pump during both low-speed and high-speed operation? Does it adopt a brushless design? A quiet pump greatly enhances user comfort, especially during nighttime operation. Brushless motors eliminate carbon brush wear, resulting in longer lifespan and quieter performance — a critical factor in premium household appliances.

In conclusion, PWM speed control technology serves as the technological bridge that elevates Instant Hot Water Undersink Dispenser System from functional products to user experience–oriented solutions. It not only provides the foundation for precise flow regulation but also achieves system-level coordination between temperature and flow, becoming a key enabler for improved product quality and reliability in high-end hot water dispenser.

As a dedicated industry participant, TOPSFLO remains committed to developing PWM intelligent pump solutions that deliver linear precision, rapid response, low noise, and long-lasting durability — empowering premium under-sink filtered hot water dispensers with core competitive advantages.

Contact Us:

Email: [email protected]

Whatsapp/Wechat：+86-19376691419

Offcial Web: http://www.topsflo.com/ | https://www.topstec.com/

In the field of micro pump applications (especially in household appliances, medical equipment, industrial circulation systems, etc.), the phenomenon of cavitation is known as the "silent killer." It silently erodes the pump body, reduces efficiency, shortens service life, and can even cause sudden failures. As a professional manufacturer of micro pumps, TOPSFLO today takes you deep into understanding pump cavitation and shares our methods for preventing it.

What is Pump Cavitation?

Pump cavitation is a physical disturbance that occurs when the pressure of a liquid drops suddenly to its vaporization pressure at a specific temperature. Its destructive process can be divided into three stages:

① Bubble Formation

When the pump impeller rotates at high speed, a local low-pressure area forms at the inlet of the blades (as shown in the figure). If the pressure here is ≤ the saturated vapor pressure of the liquid at its current temperature, the liquid will instantaneously boil and vaporize, producing dense vapor bubbles.

② Bubble Migration

The bubbles are carried by the liquid flow towards high-pressure areas such as the impeller outlet, where the external liquid pressure increases sharply.

③ Bubble Collapse

The high-pressure liquid intensely compresses the bubbles, causing them to implode within microseconds, instantly releasing:

Ultra-high-pressure shock waves (up to 3000-4000 atmospheres, equivalent to the pressure at 10,000 meters deep in the ocean)

High-temperature micro-jets (local temperature exceeding 1000°C)

High-frequency impacts (tens of thousands of times per second)

Serious Hazards of Cavitation

Physical Damage to Components

The shock waves from collapsing bubbles erode the surfaces of metal or plastic components, forming honeycomb-like pits (e.g., in the pump cavity, impeller).

TOPSFLO Case Study: Although our PPE+30%GF reinforced plastic impellers possess high rigidity, long-term cavitation can still cause surface fatigue cracking. While ceramic center shafts/spacers are wear-resistant, severe vibration may cause micro-cracks.

Severe Performance Degradation

Bubbles occupy flow passage space, blocking water flow, causing a head drop of 5%~15%, and efficiency losses of up to 30%. The pump "appears to be running but cannot transport the medium efficiently."

Vibration and Noise Pollution

Cavitation causes high-frequency impacts, producing a sharp "cracking sound" accompanied by severe vibration of the unit, affecting the user experience (e.g., in silent medical equipment, household appliances).

Accelerated Seal Failure

Continuous vibration accelerates the wear of EPDM seals, and the precise clearance matched with ceramic shaft sleeves may be compromised, leading to an increased risk of leakage.

Conditions for Pump Cavitation and Identification

Whether cavitation occurs depends on the combined characteristics of the pump itself and the suction system. Therefore, analyzing the conditions for cavitation requires considering both aspects. The core criterion for pump cavitation is expressed by the following relationship:

NPSHc ≤ NPSHr ≤ [NPSH] ≤ NPSHa

When NPSHa ≤ NPSHr (NPSHc): Cavitation begins.

When NPSHa > NPSHr (NPSHc): The pump operates without cavitation.

In the formula:

NPSHa (Net Positive Suction Head Available): Characterizes the margin of energy provided by the suction system at the pump inlet over the vapor pressure. The larger this value, the less likely cavitation is to occur.

NPSHr (Net Positive Suction Head Required): Represents the minimum NPSHa required by the pump itself to maintain operation without cavitation. The smaller this value, the better the pump's cavitation resistance. Its physical essence reflects the dynamic pressure drop from the pump inlet to the lowest pressure point on the impeller.

NPSHc (Critical NPSH): Refers to the NPSH corresponding to a specified drop (typically 3%) in pump performance (e.g., head).

[NPSH] (Allowable NPSH): A design margin set to ensure safe pump operation, usually taken as [NPSH] = (1.1 ~ 1.5) × NPSHc.

Calculation of NPSHa: NPSHa=Ps/ρg+Vs/2g-Pc/ρg=Pc/ρg±hg-hc-Ps/ρg

Be Alert to These Signals of Cavitation:

Abnormal Noise: A continuous crackling or popping sound (like gravel flowing through the pump), distinct from normal operating sounds.

Severe Vibration: Caused by hydraulic imbalance due to bubble formation and collapse.

Sudden Performance Drop: Flow rate, head, and efficiency are significantly lower than expected.

Material Damage: Characteristic honeycomb-like or sponge-like erosion pits appear on the impeller or pump cavity.

Pump Cavitation Prevention Measures

The key to preventing pump cavitation lies in increasing the NPSHa to ensure it is greater than the NPSHr (NPSHa > NPSHr). Specific measures include:

Reduce Installation Height: Decrease the geometric suction lift (hg), or use a flooded suction installation (increase the flood height) whenever possible.

Reduce Suction Line Losses: Increase the suction pipe diameter, shorten the pipeline length, and reduce local resistance components such as elbows and valves.

Avoid Overflow Operation: Prevent the pump from operating for extended periods at flow rates significantly beyond its rated capacity.

Adjust Operating Conditions: If signs of cavitation appear during operation, reduce the pump's flow rate or speed.

Optimize Suction Source Conditions: Ensure the suction tank has smooth flow patterns, is free of vortices, and maintains a stable liquid level that meets requirements.

Increase Impeller Inlet Vane Width: This increases the inlet flow area, reduces the inlet absolute and relative velocities (Vo and Wo from the inlet velocity triangle), thereby reducing NPSHr and improving cavitation resistance.

In household appliances, medical devices, industrial equipment, and water treatment systems, centrifugal pump serves as a core power component, and its stability and service life directly impact the overall efficiency of the system. However, in real-world applications, the frequent operational misunderstandings of "dry running" and "absolute dry running" have become hidden killers that silently shorten the pump’s lifespan. In this article, we’ll take a closer look at how centrifugal pumps work, uncover the principles behind dry running protection technologies, and emphasize the scientific rationale behind the strict prohibition of dry running—helping users develop a correct understanding of equipment operation.

Dry Running vs. Absolute Dry Running: Superficial Similarities, Fundamental Differences

In centrifugal pump operations, 'dry running' and 'absolute dry running' are often confused, yet they differ fundamentally in terms of physical conditions, damage mechanisms, and protection strategies:

Wet Dry-Running (Protection-Triggerable)

When residual liquid remains in the pump chamber (e.g., incomplete drainage after shutdown) but insufficient inlet flow prevents effective circulation, the impeller experiences wet dry-running in a moist environment. Under this condition, the lack of sufficient medium reduces operational resistance, causing a significant drop in motor current. In such scenarios, the centrifugal pump's dry-running protection mechanism can activate via an intelligent monitoring system. Once the pump detects the current decrease, it initiates protection mode, switching to reduced-speed operation to prevent damage.

Absolute Dry Running (Strictly Prohibited)

If the pump chamber is completely dry when the pump is forcibly started, critical components such as the rotor, ceramic shaft sleeve, and sealing gaskets are subjected to direct dry friction. This results in significantly intensified internal friction within the pump. In such cases, the motor load surges, current rises instead of dropping, and the pump speed spikes abnormally—often accompanied by sharp friction noises. This condition can easily lead to rotor seizure and even more serious mechanical failures.

Dry-running Protection Technology: The Last Line of Intelligent Defense

For dry-running scenarios in wet conditions, our centrifugal pumps are equipped with standard dry-run protection. When water is absent, the pump operates at low speed. If the dry state persists, the protection cycle activates automatically, and normal operation resumes upon water return. Additionally, we offer customized dry-run protection solutions tailored to specific customer operating conditions to meet diverse application requirements.

Why Is Absolute Dry Running Unprotectable?

The fundamental design premise of centrifugal pumps is 'water as the working medium.' During absolute dry-running, the pump chamber becomes completely dry, causing direct metal-to-metal friction—akin to 'glass scraping with a blade.' Experimental data confirms that dry-running inflicts explosive and irreversible damage: the shaft sleeve and rotor undergo thermal bonding due to extreme temperatures, the motor burns out from overload, and the pump seizes catastrophically. Even immediate shutdown cannot salvage the damage, necessitating full replacement of core components.

Although our products are equipped with advanced dry-running protection systems, it must be unequivocally stated: centrifugal pumps DO NOT possess Absolute dry-running tolerance capabilities. All units feature prominently displayed 'DRY RUNNING PROHIBITED' warning labels. This restriction stems from the unique destructiveness of dry-running—such operation will inevitably cause rotor seizure and is strictly prohibited under all circumstances.

Correct Operating Guidelines: The Golden Rules for Extending Equipment Service Life

To prevent dry-running damage, it is recommended that users establish a three-tier protection system:

Startup/Shutdown Procedures

Ensure the pump chamber is fully filled with liquid before startup.

When shutting down, close the outlet valve first before cutting power to maintain a wet state in the pump cavity.

System Optimization

Install a filter at the inlet (to prevent blockages that may lead to fluid shortage).

Equip with a liquid level sensor for interlocked control (e.g., automatic shutdown at low tank levels).

Intelligent Monitoring

Regularly check no-load current values against performance inspection sheets.

Use IoT modules for remote monitoring of operating parameters (immediate alert if current fluctuations exceed 10%).

Conclusion

Dry-running protection for centrifugal pumps embodies the engineering wisdom of the smart era, while the warning "No Absolute Dry Running" remains an unbreakable law of mechanical principles. Only by understanding technical limits and adhering to operational standards can each device achieve its maximum potential. Choosing professionalism means choosing a commitment to lasting reliability—Topsflo continues to deliver high-quality micro pumps and pumping solutions for your needs.

Like any high-performance PC component, the CPU generates heat during operation and needs efficient cooling to maintain optimal performance. When the CPU operates, transistors inside it convert electrical energy into thermal energy (heat). Without an efficient path to dissipate this heat, the CPU temperature will rise, potentially exceeding its safe operating range.

So, what's the best way to keep your CPU at an ideal temperature? There are various methods to cool a processor, but most desktops and laptops rely on either air or liquid cooling systems.

In this article, we'll break down how liquid cooling and air cooling work, the pros and cons of each, and help you determine which solution is best for your setup.

How a CPU Cooler Works

Both air and liquid CPU coolers share a similar goal: to absorb and dissipate heat generated by the CPU, ensuring that the hardware operates within optimal temperature ranges. While both cooling methods follow the same fundamental principle, the mechanisms they use are quite different.

Air Cooling

In an air cooling system, the heat is transferred from the CPU’s Integrated Heat Spreader (IHS) through a thermal paste layer to a conductive baseplate, typically made from copper or aluminum. From there, the heat moves into heat pipes, which are designed to efficiently transport it to a heatsink. The heatsink consists of thin metal fins that maximize surface area for better heat dissipation. An attached fan then blows air over the fins, carrying the heat away from the cooler.

The efficiency of air coolers depends on factors like the materials used in construction (copper is more conductive than aluminum) and the size/number of fans. Larger air coolers generally offer better heat dissipation, but they can be bulky and may not fit in compact PC cases.

Liquid Cooling

Liquid cooling, typically found in All-in-One (AIO) systems, follows a similar process but uses coolant instead of air to transfer heat. A baseplate, coated with thermal paste, contacts the IHS of the CPU. The heat is then absorbed by the coolant circulating within a waterblock. The heated coolant travels through tubes to a radiator, where it releases its heat into the surrounding air. Fans mounted on the radiator push the warmed air away, allowing the coolant to cool down before it circulates back to the waterblock, repeating the cycle.

While AIO liquid coolers are more compact than traditional air coolers, custom liquid cooling loops offer even more flexibility in performance, though they are more complex to set up.

Which Is Right for You?

Both air and liquid CPU coolers are highly effective, but their advantages depend on your specific needs. Here are some key factors to consider when deciding which is best for you.

Price

Generally, air coolers are more affordable due to their simpler design and operation. However, both cooling methods offer a range of options, from entry-level to premium. Premium air coolers typically feature larger heatsinks, enhanced fans, and aesthetic customization. High-end All-in-One (AIO) liquid coolers often come with larger radiators and customizable features, such as software for fan control and lighting. Ultimately, the price will vary depending on the features and performance you prioritize.

Ease of Installation

Air coolers are easier to install since they only require mounting the baseplate and attaching the fan to the heatsink. In contrast, AIO liquid coolers, while still fairly simple to install, involve additional steps like attaching the waterblock and radiator. Once set up, AIO coolers require minimal maintenance since the coolant, cooling pump, and radiator are self-contained.

Custom loops, however, are more complex and time-consuming to install. While they allow for greater flexibility and customization (such as integrating a GPU into the loop), they require a deeper understanding of the system and more effort in setup.

Size

Air coolers are generally bulkier but take up less space within the system, mainly concentrated around the CPU. AIO liquid coolers, on the other hand, require space for the radiator, waterblock, and coolant tubes. When working with a compact case, a smaller air cooler or a low-profile AIO might be a better fit. Be sure to check if your case can accommodate your chosen cooling solution.

Noise

Liquid cooling, especially AIO systems, tends to operate more quietly than air coolers because the cooling pump is often well-insulated, and radiator fans typically run at lower RPMs. While air coolers can be designed to minimize noise, liquid coolers generally produce less sound overall due to their more efficient heat dissipation.

Temperature Regulation

For tasks like overclocking, video rendering, or streaming, liquid cooling often provides superior temperature regulation. Liquid coolers efficiently distribute heat over a larger surface area (the radiator), allowing for lower fan speeds and better acoustics. If you’re looking for the lowest temperatures and don’t mind a more involved installation process, liquid cooling is likely the better choice.

Air coolers perform well, but they disperse heat inside the case, which can increase the overall system temperature. Liquid coolers, by contrast, move the heat outside the case via the radiator fans, helping to maintain a lower ambient temperature within the system.

Make Your Choice

So, back to the original debate: Liquid cooling vs air cooling. Which is Better?

The answer depends on how you use your computer and the performance and workloads you expect to encounter.

If you want almost silent operation, the most efficient cooling, and don’t mind a potentially higher price tag, liquid cooling will fit the bill.

If you’re looking for a solution with more entry-level pricing and simple installation at the potential expense of peak performance or acoustics, air cooling is an easy recommendation.

Consider how you use your PC, and how you plan to use it in the future when making your choice. Though both are excellent solutions, they are designed for slightly different use cases. It’s up to you to decide which is a better fit for how you use your computer.

TOPSFLO Water Cooling Pump Solutions

As a high-end micro pump manufacturer in China, TOPSFLO is committed to providing cutting-edge water cooling pump solutions tailored for the most demanding applications. Our pumps combine advanced technology and reliable performance to ensure optimal cooling for your hardware.

TOPSFLO professional computer liquid cooling pump TDC adopts a unique high-efficiency motor solution and closed rotor design, which can provide excellent heat dissipation performance while being efficient. Using smart chips, it can realize 5V/PWM intelligent speed regulation. It can intelligently adjust the circulating cooling heat according to the temperature setting, continuously and stably reduce the computer temperature, and ensure that the hardware remains cool under high load.

Integrated injection-molded magnetic silent rotor, one-time injection molding, ultra-silence <28dB, professional silent suspension rotor design with rotor dynamic balance ＜20mg; Japanese JSW injection molding machine & high-quality imported materials ensure high-precision parts, low noise and low vibration of the water pump.

Through magnetic drive technology and static sealing, the liquid part of the TOPSFLO computer liquid cooling pump is completely isolated from the motor, eliminating the risk of leakage and burnout. At the same time, water cooling pump can withstand the extreme bursting high pressure of 1.8Mpa, eliminating the risk of liquid leakage and ensuring the safety of the hardware.

The 2024 (3rd) Global Liquid Cooling System Innovation Development and Application Technology Conference, a grand industry event that brings together global wisdom and innovation, was held in Suzhou on October 24-25. This conference is the largest and most professional liquid cooling industry event in China, with over 100 exhibitors from the liquid cooling field around the world. More than 70 industry experts shared their insights on the current status and development trends of liquid cooling technologies in mainstream industries such as EV fast charger, data centers, and energy storage.

As a global leader in pump technology and a key provider of liquid cooling pump solutions, TOPSFLO has been invited to attend the event, showcasing our cutting-edge liquid cooling system pump solutions, including the groundbreaking TA90E ultra-high-performance liquid cooling pump and a range of other innovative products.

As one of the few exhibitors showcasing liquid cooling pumps at the event, we successfully met with several partners and welcomed many new friends interested in liquid cooling pumps. We had in-depth discussions on liquid cooling system pump solutions. Our R&D engineers and sales engineers focused on high-power liquid cooling applications, providing detailed explanations to customers on the product features and model selection for pump systems.

The high-power liquid-cooled pumps we launched in this exchange meeting, condensing the deep technical precipitation of Topsflo in the field of micro pumps and pump solutions for 20 years, representing the cutting-edge technology of China's liquid-cooled pump industry, delivering exceptional performance in ensuring stable and efficient operation, extending equipment lifespan, and improving energy utilization efficiency. It can accurately match the pump requirements of EV charger charging station, data center and energy storage liquid cooling system, and provide customers with one-stop liquid cooling solutions.

The liquid cooling industry is evolving rapidly. Through face-to-face communication with customers, we are able to directly address their pain points, better understand their needs, and gain a comprehensive understanding of the technical requirements of their industries. In response to the increasing demands for pumps across different application fields, TOPSFLO will rely on the strong R&D capabilities and technical expertise to provide customers with high-quality pumps and liquid cooling pump solutions.

In the future, TOPSFLO will actively respond to the national "Dual Carbon" strategy, continuously increasing investment in the R&D of liquid cooling pump technology, driving innovation and product upgrades in liquid cooling pump solutions. Together with global partners, we will open a new chapter in liquid-cooling technology, contributing TOPSFLO’s expertise and strength to building a green, low-carbon, safe, and efficient energy future.

Wanna to get custom pump service? Feel free to contact us now:

Email: [email protected]

Whatsapp/Wechat：+86-19376691419

Visit our Web: https://www.topstec.com/ | http://www.topsflo.com/

Factory Tour

MEDICA is a world-renowned comprehensive medical exhibition, recognized as the world's largest hospital and medical equipment exhibition, and ranks first in the world's medical trade exhibition with its irreplaceable scale and influence. MEDICA is held annually in Düsseldorf, Germany, showcasing a variety of products and services in the entire field from outpatient treatment to inpatient treatment. The exhibited products include all conventional categories of medical equipment and supplies, as well as medical communication information technology, medical furniture and equipment, medical site construction technology, medical equipment management, etc.

TOPSFLO is a world-renowned micro medical pump solution provider. In recent years, we have continued to develop in the medical industry and achieved new technological breakthroughs. The medical industry has also become a new highlight of TOPSFLO’s growth this year.

At this exhibition, TOPSFLO will exhibit a variety of micro diaphragm pumps, micro gear pumps, and brushless dc centrifugal pumps that are suitable for the medical industry. And it will focus on IVD industry solutions.

In IVD(in vitro diagnostic) instruments, micro pumps are an important part of in vitro diagnostic analysis and for the liquid circuit system. They are widely used in many fields such as clinical chemistry, blood analysis, immunology, microbiology, etc. to complete important functions such as sample transportation, waste liquid removal, and pipe and component cleaning. TOPSFLO is the only manufacturer in China that can provide diaphragm pumps, micro gear pumps, and brushless dc centrifugal pumps for IVD systems at the same time:

Micro brushless dc centrifugal pumps are usually used in IVD, circulating constant temperature systems to control the temperature of in vitro diagnostic kits, microplate readers, fluorometers, etc.;

Micro diaphragm pumps are the most widely used pumps in IVD instruments, especially in waste liquid systems, to clean and remove waste liquid from reaction cups and pipes. In this step, a diaphragm liquid pump can be used to directly pump out waste liquid; or a micro vacuum pump can be used to vacuum a closed container to indirectly suck out waste liquid in the instrument.

Micro gear pumps are often used to clean the inner wall of needles with high pipeline resistance. The cleaning effect of the needle is strongly related to the internal roughness of the needle, the design of the inner wall needle tube, and more importantly, the high pressure provided by the gear pump. High-pressure flushing of the inner wall can ensure sufficient cleaning flow under high resistance.

On November 11, let's meet in Düsseldorf, Germany!

The Importance of Liquid Cooling for Data Centers

Liquid cooling is a key method for enhancing energy efficiency in data centers. According to statistics from the White Paper on Liquid Cooling in China's Data Centers, the market size for liquid-cooled data centers in China is expected to exceed 100 billion RMB by 2024.

When the Thermal Design Power (TDP) reaches 200-300W, specialized airflow management, increased fan capacity and speed, as well as larger and thicker heat sinks, are required to dissipate heat fast enough in server thermal designs. However, when the TDP reaches 350-400W, cooling servers with air becomes extremely difficult and costly, with air cooling nearing its limits. (Data source: Application and Development of Liquid Cooling Technology in Data Centers)

In this situation, liquids with higher thermal conductivity become a better option for heat dissipation. Compared to traditional air cooling, liquids can remove 1,000 to 3,000 times more heat per unit volume, not only achieving precise component-level cooling and ensuring the high performance and reliability of components but also facilitating heat recovery, thereby improving energy efficiency.

Liquid cooling refers to the use of liquids instead of air as the coolant to transfer heat away from heat-generating components. By injecting this liquid into servers, the heat can be removed through heat exchange. Generally, the industry classifies liquid cooling into direct and indirect cooling. Currently, indirect cooling mainly involves cold plate liquid cooling technology, while direct cooling primarily focuses on immersion liquid cooling technology, which can be further divided into phase-change and non-phase-change types. Additionally, there is spray-type liquid cooling.

TOPSFLO liquid cooling pump solutions

The rise of Generative AI (AIGC) and the breakthrough applications of large-scale model technologies have significantly increased demands on the computational efficiency of servers and chipsets. Enhancing CPU and GPU processing power is urgently needed to support their vast computational requirements. In response to the challenges of server overheating and the surge in energy consumption due to rapidly increasing computing power, liquid cooling technology has emerged as a cutting-edge solution. TOPSFLO’s liquid cooling pump solutions precisely match the diverse cooling needs of servers, offering broad compatibility with cold plate efficient cooling, cooling distribution unit (CDU) optimization, and innovative immersion cooling methods. These solutions are adaptable to meet the customized design needs of various clients, ensuring that servers maintain cool and efficient performance even under high workloads.

With nearly 20 years of experience in the DC micro pump industry, TOPSFLO possesses extensive expertise in cooling and pressure boosting solutions for pumps. TOPSFLO has made significant strides in developing liquid cooling solutions for the data center industry, successfully creating liquid cooling pumps that are optimally suited for data center applications.

Advantages of TOPSFLO Liquid Cooling Pump Solutions

Leak-proof, Safe, and Reliable: Designed with consideration for data center leakage concerns, the pump's structure and materials have been carefully selected to ensure safety and prevent leaks.

Comprehensive Product Range: Our solutions cater to various data center cooling requirements, supporting different CPU/GPU power ratings (200W-1000W) and various application.

Low Noise: Compared to fan-based solutions, our pump systems reduce noise levels by over 40%.

Long Lifespan: Designed to meet the operational needs of data center equipment for up to 10 years.

Strong Material Compatibility: Our pumps are compatible with a wide range of liquid media to suit different application environments.

Data Center Liquid Cooling Pump Solutions with Different Functions

1. Cold plate liquid cooling pump solution

Cold plate liquid cooling mainly uses cold plates (enclosed cavities made of high thermal conductivity metals such as copper and aluminum) to indirectly transfer the heat of components to the cooling liquid enclosed in the circulation pipe, and then uses the coolant to take away the heat. It transports the intermediate heat to the back end for cooling through the transfer characteristics of the working fluid. The system mainly includes liquid cold plates, liquid cooling water pumps, pipes, joints, etc.

TOPSFLO water pump solution for 1U/2U servers, combined with cold plate liquid cooling solution —TDC

2. Immersion Liquid Cooling Pump Solutions

Immersion liquid cooling involves submerging the heat-generating components of electronic devices directly into a cooling liquid, where heat is dissipated through heat exchange. The key equipment and facilities involved include outdoor cooling sources, cooling subsystems, liquid cooling pumps, liquid cooling pipelines, and immersion chambers (liquid cooling cabinets). Immersion liquid cooling can be categorized into two types based on whether there is a phase change in the cooling medium: single-phase immersion liquid cooling and phase-change immersion liquid cooling. The primary function of the liquid cooling pump is to promote liquid circulation and accelerate heat dissipation. Compared to phase-change immersion liquid cooling, single-phase immersion liquid cooling requires pumps with higher power to achieve effective liquid circulation.

3. Cold distribution unit CDU

CDU is a cooling distribution unit that connects the cold plate liquid cooling internal circulation and external circulation. The cold plate liquid cooling joint is divided into two layout forms: centralized CDU and distributed CDU. CDU components include interfaces, micro water pumps, liquid-liquid or air-liquid heat exchangers, liquid storage tanks, valve control devices, monitoring devices, filters and various sensors, which are mainly used for the measurement and control of cooling capacity, flow, pressure and temperature. In order to ensure that sufficient cooling power can be provided for the equipment, a powerful micro water pump will be used in the CDU to ensure uniform and sufficient distribution of cooling capacity.

TOPSFLO High-end and Reliable Liquid Cooling Pump Solutions

TOPSFLO has a professional team with reliable capabilities in micro water pumps and liquid cooling technology, and can provide customers with a variety of liquid cooling water pump solutions. These solutions are designed and verified to adapt to the limited cooling space and heat dissipation requirements of each data center, while ensuring excellent cooling efficiency and reliability.

TOPSFLO different series of liquid cooling water pumps are introduced into servers for various application scenarios, and can also be customized according to the cooling needs of different applications, striving to provide our customers with a wider range of liquid water pump solution options.

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