#coricancha

The Black Madonna of Częstochowa in the Temple of the Sun

The Coricancha (from the Quechua Quri Kancha, meaning "golden enclosure") in Cuzco, Peru, was the most important temple of the Inca Empire. It was built in 1200 on the site of the first settlement. Originally named Intikancha or Intiwasi, it was dedicated to Inti - Inca sun god. Pachacutec (ca. 1400 - ca. 1471), the ninth ruler of the Inca state, enhanced the sacred importance of the site. He had Cuzco redesigned in the shape of a puma, an ancient symbol of power associated with lunar cult, with the Coricancha placed exactly under the puma's tail, where its sexual organs would be. In addition to the apsidal sun temple, the complex included four smaller temple complexes surrounding a courtyard on three sides. Calcite and andesite stones were used to create perfectly smooth walls, fitted together with surgical precision, without mortar, on both the exterior and interior walls.

Most of the temple was destroyed after the 16th-century war against the Spanish conquistadors, with settlers also dismantling it to build their own churches and residences. In 1533, when the Spanish demanded a ransom in gold from the Incas for the life of their leader Atahualpa, most of the gold was collected at Coricancha. Much of its masonry served as the foundation for the 17th-century Dominican Convent, rebuilt after the 1650 earthquake that destroyed the first convent. This Inca structure withstood three earthquakes (1650, 1749, and 1950) without major damage, while later additions were shattered.

One of the main altars of the Dominican Church on the site of Coricancha is dedicated to the Black Madonna of Częstochowa, a copy of the miraculous icon located in the most important and most frequented Polish Marian shrine at Jasna Góra, accompanied by effigies of Saint John Paul II (1920-2005) and Saint Faustina Kowalska (1905-1938). In another chapel there is an altarpiece dedicated to Divine Mercy, with a copy of a painting by Adolf Hyła (1897-1965), a version of the image based on Kowalska's vision of Jesus in 1931.

Browse >>> Renaissance Poland-Lithuania - The Realm of Venus - Art in Poland (Artinpl) >>> for more …

© Marcin Latka

coricancha

Han Hye Jin with architecture in “La Señorita Bello” for Vogue Korea, July 2012. Photograph by Alexander Neumann.

Coricancha

The religious complex of Coricancha (Qorikancha) in the Inca capital at Cuzco contained the Temple of the Sun which was not only the most sacred site or huaca in the Inca religion but was considered the very centre of the Inca world. The site was also known as the Golden Enclosure and was dedicated to the highest gods in the Inca pantheon such as the Creator god Viracocha, the moon goddess Quilla and especially to Inti, the god of the sun. Little remains today except some sections of its fine stone walls which hint at the site's once massive size and the legendary stories which tell of the enormous quantity of gold used to decorate the temples and its golden garden.

Layout & Architecture

The construction of the complex is commonly attributed to Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui, the 9th Inca ruler (1438-1471 CE) who also embarked on a general rebuilding programme in the capital. Despite excavations, though, the exact chronology of the site is not clear. In Inca mythology the first Inca leader Manco Capac (Manqo Qhapaq) built a temple at the site in the early 12th century CE and archaeology does show evidence of pre-empire structures.

The lay-out of the site, as seen from above, actually resembled a sun with rays shining out in all directions. These were the sacred ceque (zeq'e) lines - physical and cosmic roads - of which there were 41 which led to an impressive 328 sacred sites. Cuzco itself was deliberately laid out to represent a jaguar and Coricancha was located at the tail. In typical Inca symmetry the second most important sacred site in the city - Sacsahuaman - was located at the head. Coricancha was also built where the city's two great rivers of Huantanay and Tullamayo met.

Built using the fine masonry skills for which the Inca have rightly become famous, the massive walls of the complex were built from large stone blocks finely cut and fitted together without mortar. The large curved western wall was particularly noted for its form and elegant, regular masonry. Most walls also leaned slightly inwards as they rose in height, a typical feature of Inca architecture. Many trapezoid doorways and windows allowed access and light to enter the interior spaces and a broad band of gold was added mid-way height around the walls. The interior buildings were of one storey and had thatched roofs. The doors were also covered in gold sheets, as were the interiors and exteriors of the various temples and the inner side of the perimeter wall was even said to have been studded with emeralds.