#condicional

El futuro simple (the simple future) and el condicional (the conditional) are two verb forms which are formed through similar processes. Unlike other verb conjugations, these ones are conjugated by affixing an infinitive verb.

🌸 Part I - The Simple Future 🌙

The future tense is typically taught to beginners as ir a + an infinitive (ex. voy a estudar - I’m going to study), however, the future simple is different from the compound future in that it typically describes an action which is further in the future. Where as the compound future tense is typically translated as something one is going to do, the simple future tense is more often translated as what someone will do. The simple future is formed by taking the infinitive form of a verb (ser, estar, ver, etc.) and combining it with one of the following endings:

yo ...-é

tú/vos ...-ás

él/ella/usted ...-á

nosotros/nosotras ...-emos

vosotros/vosotras ...-éis

ellos/ellas/ustedes ...án

Examples:

yo seré un doctor (I will be a doctor)

tú/vos estarás feliz (you will be happy)

él verá su profesor (he will see his teacher)

ella hablará con su mamá (she will talk with her mom)

usted cantará una canción (you will sing a song)

nosotros/nosotras viajaremos a méxico (we will travel to mexico)

vosotros/vosotras comeréis a la fiesta (you all will eat at the party)

ellos/ellas tomarán café por la mañana (they will drink coffee in the morning)

ustedes comerán desayuno por la mañana (you all will eat breakfast in the morning)

🌸 Part II - The Conditional 🌙

The conditional mood is used in Spanish to describe an event or action which would take place if a certain condition were met. In English we typically express this with the word would (ex. I would buy this if I had money), however, in Spanish it gets its own series of verb endings. The conditional mood is formed by adding one of these endings to an infinitive verb:

yo ...-ía

tú/vos ...-ías

él/ella/usted ...-ía

nosotros/nosotras ...-íamos

vosotros/vosotras ...-íais

ellos/ellas/ustedes ...-ían

Examples:

yo lo compraría si tuviera dinero - I would buy it if I had money

tú/vos sería un adulto - you would be an adult

él/ella estaría aquí si no hubiera un atasco - he/she would be here if there wasn’t a traffic jam

nosotros/nosotras compraríamos esto pero no tenemos dinero - we would buy this but we don’t have money

vosotros/vosotras comeríais - you all would eat

ellos/ellas tomarían café si pudieran - they would drink coffee if they could

ustedes irían si tuvieran un carro - you all would go if you had a car

🌸 Part III - Irregular Stems 🌙 

Some verbs change their stem when they’re put into the simple future and conditional. These verbs are:

caber » cabr- (ex. cabrá)

decir » dir- (ex. dirá)

any verbs derived from decir also change stems, ex. bendecir (to bless) » bendirá (he/she will bless)

haber » habr- (ex. habrá)

hacer » har- (ex. hará)

any verbs derived from hacer also change stems, ex. rehacer (to redo) » rehará (he/she will redo)

poder » podr- (ex. podrá)

poner » pondr- (ex. pondrá)

any verbs derived from poner also change stems, ex. posponer (to postpone) » pospondrá (he/she will postpone)

querer » querr- (ex. querrá)

saber » sabr- (ex. sabrá)

salir » saldr- (ex. saldrá)

satisfacer » satisfar- (satisfará)

tener » tendr- (ex. tendrá)

any verbs derived from tener also change stems, ex. retener (to retain) » retendrá (he/she will retain)

valer » valdr- (ex. valdrá)

venir » vendr- (ex. vendrá)

any verbs derived from venir also change stems, ex. sobrevenir (to come up, to arise) » sobrevendrá (it will come up, it will arise)

O amargo é querer-te pra mim

Yo lucharé por ti hasta el final de todo,

In colloquial use, they are interchangeable but it’s more common to see debería for “I should have”.

Using preterite isn’t wrong, but it’s more like “I should have” in the sense of “I needed to” or “it was my responsibility to”

When talking about something that you wish was different, it’s conditional debería. 

You see deber in preterite or imperfect tense more when it’s deber de (ser algo) “It must (be something)”… like debía de ser una persona “it had to have been a person” which is used as a kind of supposition

De acordo com o art. 32 do Código Penal, as penas podem ser:

Privativas de liberdade;

Restritivas de direitos; e

Multa.

1. Privativas de liberdade As penas privativas de liberdade são as de reclusão e detenção. A Lei de Contravenções Penais ainda prevê em sua pena restritiva de liberdade a prisão simples.

Reclusão X Detenção X Prisão Simples

Reclusão: regime pode ser inicialmente fechado;

Detenção: regime inicial aberto;

Prisão Simples: Não admite regime fechado em hipótese alguma;

Reclusão: admite-se regime inicial fechado, semi-aberto, aberto, geralmente para delitos mais graves e seu cumprimento se dá em estabelecimento de segurança máxima ou média.

Detenção: admite-se regime inicial semi-aberto ou aberto, para condenações mais leves, é cumprido em casas de albergado, colônias agrícolas ou estabelecimentos adequados.

Prisão Simples: prevista na Lei de Contravenções Penais, a prisão simples não admite em hipótese alguma regime fechado, o apenado deve cumpri-la sem o rigor penitenciário em seção especial, separado dos presos comuns, o trabalho é facultativo àqueles com penas inferiores a 15 dias.