#collagen

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For many years, it was widely believed that fossils no longer contained any original organic molecules as the fossilization process was thought to destroy them. Now, a groundbreaking study, led by the University of Liverpool, has revealed strong evidence that Mesozoic fossils still preserve their original organic materials. Using advanced mass spectrometry and other techniques, researchers identified preserved collagen remnants in the hip bone of an Edmontosaurus, a duck-billed dinosaur, helping to resolve a debate that has spanned three decades. The study, published in the journal Analytical Chemistry, used several techniques, including protein sequencing, to detect and characterize bone collagen in the 22-kilogram fossil.

A total of 23 RCTs with 1474 participants were analyzed. In a meta-analysis of all 23 RCTs, collagen supplements significantly improved skin hydration, elasticity, and wrinkles. However, in the subgroup meta-analysis by funding source, studies not receiving funding from pharmaceutical companies revealed no effect of collagen supplements for improving skin hydration, elasticity, and wrinkles, while those receiving funding from pharmaceutical companies did show significant effects. Similarly, high-quality studies revealed no significant effect in all categories, while low-quality studies revealed a significant improvement in elasticity.

They did a meta-analysis of collagen supplement studies & found out that all the ones that were not funded by companies that sell them showed it had no effects.