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“Jewell" given to Nell Gwyn by Charles II later adapted as a hat pin (circa 1680) and "Mistress of Charles II Nell Gwyn" by Sir Simon Verreist (1667) presented in “A History of Jewellery: Bedazzled (part 3: Baroque Splendour)” by Beatriz Chadour-Sampson - International Jewellery Historian and Author - for the V&A Academy online, February 2024.

On This Day In Royal History . 25 November 1638 . 👑 Catherine of Braganza was born . ◼ Catherine of Braganza (Portuguese: Catarina de Bragança; was Queen of England, Scotland & Ireland from 1662 to 1685, as the wife of King Charles II. . ◼ Catherine was born into the House of Braganza, the most senior noble house of Portugal, which became Portugal’s royal house after Catherine’s father, John, 8th Duke of Braganza, was proclaimed King John IV after deposing the House of Habsburg in 1640. . ◼ Owing to her devotion to the Roman Catholic beliefs in which she had been raised, Catherine was an unpopular consort for Charles II. She was a special object of attack by the inventors of the Popish Plot. In 1678 the murder of Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey was ascribed to her servants, & Titus Oates accused her of an intention to poison the king. These charges, the absurdity of which were soon shown by cross-examination, nevertheless placed the queen for some time in great danger. . ◼ On 28 November Oates accused her of high treason, & the Commons passed an order for her removal & that of all Roman Catholics from Whitehall. A series of fresh depositions were made against her, & in June 1679 it was decided that she must stand trial; but she was protected by the king, who in this instance showed unusual chivalry, for which he earned her gratitude. . ◼ Catherine suffered three miscarriages, & as a result she did not produce any heirs. . ◼ She & Charles are credited with introducing the custom of drinking tea to the British court, which was common among the Portuguese nobility. . ◼ She died at the Bemposta Palace in Lisbon on 31 December 1705 aged 67 & was buried at the Monastery of São Vicente de Fora Lisbon. . . . #OnThisDayInHistory #Thisdayinhistory #TheYear1638 #QueenCatherine #CatherineofBraganza #Braganza #Portugese #Portugal #HouseofBraganza #KingCharles #RoyalHistory #HistoryFacts #Instahistory #EnglishHeritage #Royals #HouseofStuart #CharlesII #KingCharlesII #EnglishMonarchy #OnThisDay #OTD #HistoricEngland #thequeen👑 #thequeen #BritishMonarchy #D25Nov (at Portugal) https://www.instagram.com/p/CIBS-OljQH6/?igshid=zf72z2gvjvkw

in love <3 

On This Day In History . 2 September 1666 . The Great Fire of London breaks out and burns for three days, destroying 10,000 buildings including St Paul’s Cathedral. . . ◾ The Great Fire of London was a major conflagration that swept through the central parts of the English city of London, from Sunday, 2 September to Wednesday, 5 September 1666. The fire gutted the medieval City of London inside the old Roman city wall. It threatened, but did not reach, the aristocratic district of Westminster, Charles II’s Palace of Whitehall, & most of the suburban slums. . ◾ It consumed 13,200 houses, 87 parish churches, St Paul’s Cathedral & most of the buildings of the City authorities. It is estimated to have destroyed the homes of 70,000 of the City’s 80,000 inhabitants. The death toll is unknown but traditionally thought to have been small, as only six verified deaths were recorded. . ◾ This reasoning has recently been challenged on the grounds that the deaths of poor & middle-class people were not recorded, while the heat of the fire may have cremated many victims leaving no recognisable remains. A melted piece of pottery on display at the Museum of London found by archaeologists in Pudding Lane, where the fire started, shows that the temperature reached 1700 °C. . ◾ The Great Fire started at the bakery of Thomas Farriner (or Farynor) on Pudding Lane, shortly after midnight on Sunday, 2 September, and spread rapidly west across the City of London. . 👑 King Charles II and his brother James, Duke of York (later King James II) joined & directed the fire-fighting effort & worked manually, to help throw water on flames and to help demolish buildings to make a firebreak. . . . #OnThisDayInHistory #ThisDayInHistory #TheYear1666 #GreatFireofLondon #FireofLondon #London #History #England #KingCharlesII #CharlesII #CharlesIIofEngland #EnglishMonarchy #otd #Onthisday #londonhistory #HouseofStuart #historicLondon #BritishMonarchy #D2Sep (at London, United Kingdom) https://www.instagram.com/p/CEov_gIjgD8/?igshid=1jawwla7jst83

On This Day In Royal History . 15 March 1672 . King Charles II of England issues the Royal Declaration of Indulgence. . . ◼ The Royal Declaration of Indulgence was Charles II of England’s attempt to extend religious liberty to Protestant nonconformists & Roman Catholics in his realms, by suspending the execution of the Penal Laws that punished recusants from the Church of England. Charles issued the Declaration on 15 March 1672. . ◼ It was highly controversial & Sir Orlando Bridgeman, son of a bishop, resigned as Lord Keeper of the Great Seal, because he refused to apply the Great Seal to it, regarding it as too generous to Catholics. . ◼ The Cavalier Parliament in 1673, compelled Charles to withdraw this declaration & implement, in its place, the first of the Test Acts (1673), which required anyone entering public service in England to deny the Catholic doctrine of transubstantiation & take Anglican communion. . ◼ When Charles II’s openly Catholic successor James II attempted to issue a similar Declaration of Indulgence, an order for general religious tolerance, this was one of the grievances that led to the Glorious Revolution that ousted him from the throne. . . . #onthisdayinhistory #thisdayinhistory #d15mar #TheYear1672 #CharlesII #CharlesIIofEngland #KingCharlesII #HouseofStuart #EnglishMonarchy #BritishMonarchy #Royalhistory #Kingofengland #Royals #Royalfamily #Onthisday #Otd #History #Historyfacts #englishroyalty #Monarchy #Portraitpainting #royalcollection . 🎨 Royal Collection Trust/© Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2020 . Visit the @royalcollectiontrust (at London, United Kingdom) https://www.instagram.com/p/B9xWppKpNp0/?igshid=1a12wmw40f12t

Charles II . (b. 29 May 1630 – d. 6 February 1685) . Some facts; . 👑 Charles II was king of England, Scotland, & Ireland. He was king of Scotland from 1649 until his deposition in 1651, and king of England, Scotland & Ireland from the 1660 Restoration of the monarchy until his death in 1685. . ◼ Charles was one of the most popular & beloved kings of England, known as the Merry Monarch, in reference to both the liveliness & hedonism of his court & the general relief at the return to normality after over a decade of rule by Cromwell & the Puritans. Charles’s wife, Catherine of Braganza, bore no live children, but Charles acknowledged at least twelve illegitimate children by various mistresses. As a result, in his lifetime he was often nicknamed “Old Rowley”, the name of his favourite racehorse, notable as a stallion . 😯 DID YOU KNOW? . The present Dukes of Buccleuch, Richmond, Grafton & St Albans descend from Charles in unbroken male line. Diana, Princess of Wales, was descended from two of Charles’s illegitimate sons: the Dukes of Grafton & Richmond. Diana’s son, Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, second in line to the British throne, is likely to be the first British monarch DESCENDED from Charles II. . . . #Kingcharlesii #charlesii #Kingofengland #Theking #Stuarts #Houseofstuart #Merrymonarch #Restoration #royalfamily #royal #royalty #windsorcastle #buckinghampalace #britishroyalfamily #royals #EnglishHistory #Britishhistory #britishroyalty #britishroyals #crown #britishmonarchy #windsor #RoyalHistory #HistoryFacts #British #London #Historic #monarch #monarchy (at United Kingdom) https://www.instagram.com/p/CAS_XcLDP7X/?igshid=2wzw36ip8ojx