#carolingian

Try solving ten medieval math riddles first posed by the scholar Alcuin of York. These puzzles from the early Middle Ages reveal how logic and learning were taught in Charlemagne’s time — and they’re still tricky to solve today.

L’Esquerda: Iberian and Visigoth archaeological site in Roda de Ter (Comarques Gironines, Catalonia).

This village was built by the Ausetani Iberian tribe between the 8th and 1st centuries BC, then it was abandoned.

Later, in the 7th century AD, a Visigoth town was established in the same place, because of its strategic location. In the 8th century AD, the Carolingian Franks reinforced the wall in L’Esquerda and other places around the area in order to stop the advance of the Moorish invasion. Around the 12th century, they built the Romanesque-style church whose one wall still stands. The Medieval town remained in use until the 13th century, when it was abandoned as a result of fights between feudal lords.

Today we take a look at one of our favorites - and the oldest codex in Philadelphia! LJS 101 is a 9th and 11th century translation of Aristotle's De interpretatione (by Boethius) with some additional texts.

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More sword stock.

Model: Me.

Photographer: The Remote Camera Trigger.

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This stunning finger ring is decorated with dark glass paste, rather than a semi-precious stone. The simplicity of the ring indicates that it is Carolingian rather than Merovingian. The Carolingians embraced Catholicism on a much broader scale with the top-down process of baptism/religious conversion having reached the middle and even some of the lower classes.

This results in more minimalistic dress. Jewelry becomes very minimal and brooches that were included into ones appearance were once again reduced to their functional level. A finger ring like this does not proof that the wearer was in fact no longer pagan, but it does show that the wearer followed the fashion of the (Catholic) elite. Wearing finger rings also indicates that the wearer performed little to no physical labour as it risks damaging the jewel and it is also a means to show your wellbeing to the world.

The metropolitan museum of art, New York City - United States of America

Museum nr. 17.192.217