#candidiasis

Pathogenesis of C. albicans biofilms

Candida albicans morphogenesis and biofilm development. A) Electron micrograph of a germinating yeast cell. B) A schematic illustrating the stages of C. albicans biofilm development.C) Confocal scanning laser microscopy of in vitro grown C. albicans biofilm.

by Pathogens and disease

Oral candidiasis also known as a oral thrush is the most common opportunistic fungal infection of the oral cavity caused by an overgrowth of Candida species, the commonest being Candida albicans.

This candidal carriage state is not considered a disease, but when Candida species become pathogenic and invade host tissues, oral candidiasis can occur. Oral Candida lesions are seen only in patients who are predisposed to such disease by physiological or immunological abnormalities. Thus, patient with candidiasis requires further diagnostics.

Local Factors Predisposing for Oral Candidiasis:

Impaired salivary gland function - saliva contains antimicrobial proteins such as lactoferrin, sialoperoxidase, lysozyme, histidine-rich polypeptides, and specific anticandida antibodies, interact with the oral mucosa and prevent overgrowth of candida. Hence, Sjögren’s syndrome, radiotherapy of the head and neck, or drugs that reduce salivary secretions can lead to an increased risk of oral candidiasis.

Medications - topical or inhalational corticosteroids and excessive use of antimicrobial mouthwashes have been shown to increase the risk of oral candidiasis.

Dentures - dentures create a microenvironment conducive to the growth of candida with low oxygen, low pH, and an anaerobic environment. The possible explanations include enhanced adherence of candida to the acrylic, improperly fitted appliances, decreased saliva flow under the denture surfaces or inadequate hygiene.

Other factors - like smoking or high carbohydrate diet.

Systemic Factors Predisposing for Oral Candidiasis:

Extremes of age - due to the disabled (advanced age), or immature (newborns) immune system.

Nutritional Status - Iron has been the most common deficient essential micronutrient implicated in the colonization of candida. In case of iron deficiency the fungistatic action of transferrin and other iron-dependant enzymes is impaired.

Endocrine disorders - oral and invasive candidiasis are more prevalent in patients with endocrine dysfunctions such as diabetes mellitus and Cushing’s syndrome.

Immune disorders - immunosuppressive conditions such as AIDS and severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome (SCID) also may lead to candidiasis.

Malignancies - it has been shown that 15%–60% of people with malignancies will develop oral candidiasis while they are immunosuppressed.

Diagnosis of oral Candida infection requires microscopic or culture proof of the involvement of a Candida species.

References/Further reading:

Oral candidiasis

Mycology in oral pathology

Clinical Appearance of Oral Candida Infection and Therapeutic Strategies

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All foods, medications, and dietary supplements contribute to acidity.

Another, equally important cause of imbalance is pathogens in the body.

A little bit about the story of Belgian actress Emilie Decenne, who died of cancer.

She died on March 16, 2025, from adrenocortical cancer at the Gustave Roussy Hospital in Villejuif, France. She was 43 years old.

Candida isn't caused by a single pathogen, but by six species of Candida fungi and related pathogens: other fungi, viruses, and bacteria. There are many of them.

Learn that everyone has candidiasis, and it affects all organs! It's just a matter of time and age. Although it's known that children, not to mention young people, also get cancer.

Candidiasis is the main cause of all chronic diseases, including cancer.

I offer methods and means for preventing candidiasis for some, and for eliminating the infection for others. The method depends on age and health status.

The methods are based on three conditions:

Completely abstaining from so-called "medicines" from pharmacies, including dietary supplements, and possibly harmful cosmetics, perfumes, and personal care products.

Completely abstaining from some foods and temporarily abstaining from others.

Taking folk remedies to increase the body's pH to 8 and actively saturate the body with oxygen.

Completing each of these three is essential! Failure to do any of them will not yield positive results.