#brunhilda

Brunhilda of Austrasia was one of the most powerful and controversial women of the early medieval world. A Visigothic princess who became queen of Austrasia, she ruled in the turbulent Merovingian kingdoms of Francia for more than four decades, using political skill, alliances, and ruthless determination to protect her dynasty. Her reign was marked by efforts to strengthen royal authority, repair Roman roads, and sponsor churches and fortifications.

Her greatest conflict was a bitter and deadly rivalry with Fredegund, the queen of neighboring Neustria. What began as a royal dispute between two queens became a decades-long blood feud involving assassinations, betrayals, and civil wars. Brunhilda and Fredegund fought through their husbands, sons, and grandchildren, leaving much of Francia divided by their struggle for power.

After Fredegund’s death, Brunhilda continued to dominate Austrasian politics as regent for her descendants. However, her enemies eventually turned against her. In 613, King Chlothar II defeated her forces and captured the elderly queen. According to later accounts, Chlotar ordered her execution in a brutal manner: she was tied to wild horses and torn apart before her remains were burned.

Brunhilda and Sigebert

The union of the Hispanic Visigothic princess Brunhilda and King Sigebert I, the Frankish ruler of Austrasia, stands as one of the most consequential royal marriages of the early Middle Ages. Raised at the Visigothic court in Toledo, Brunhilda was celebrated for her education, diplomatic acumen, and Romanized upbringing—qualities that rendered her an exceptional royal bride.

For Sigebert, surrounded by ambitious brothers, the marriage offered a prestigious alliance that elevated his status within the Merovingian dynasty. The match was strategically designed to counterbalance the growing influence of his rival and brother, King Chilperic I of Neustria.

Originally an Arian Christian, Brunhilda converted to Catholicism in preparation for the marriage, a symbolic act that endeared her to the Austrasian clergy and nobility. On her wedding day in Metz in 566, Brunhilda was still very young, likely in her early twenties. Contemporary poets praised her dignity and beauty, qualities that impressed the Frankish court as she entered her new kingdom. Sigebert, then in his early thirties, received his bride with evident satisfaction. The marriage was politically advantageous, but it was also warmly celebrated; the poet Venantius Fortunatus, in verses composed for the occasion, speaks of Sigebert’s joy and admiration, writing in the elevated language of courtly praise that the king was struck by love for his new queen.

Gregory of Tours and other contemporary sources depict the marriage of Sigebert and Brunhilda as unusually stable and respectful by Merovingian standards. Although the texts do not portray Brunhilda as a formal political partner, they consistently imply that she exercised legitimate influence within the Austrasian court. Sigebert’s evident esteem for her intelligence and bearing further suggests that her authority, though informal, was both recognized and consequential. The couple was blessed with three children: Ingund, Chlodosinda, and Childebert II.

In the kingdom of Neustria, Queen Galswintha was found strangled in 568, a death widely attributed by contemporaries to the machinations of her husband or his longtime mistress Fredegund, who soon afterward became queen. The killing provoked widespread indignation across the Frankish kingdoms. Brunhilda was deeply aggrieved by her sister’s death and became politically and personally hostile toward Chilperic and Fredegund. She did support and encourage Sigebert’s military action against the king of Neustria.

War swept across the Frankish kingdoms. Again and again, Sigebert’s armies prevailed. His captains pressed deep into Chilperic’s lands, seizing cities and forcing the Neustrian king into retreat. At the height of Sigebert’s advance, Chilperic abandoned his strongholds and took refuge in Tournai, nearly defeated.

It seemed that victory was within Sigebert’s grasp. The nobles of Neustria themselves invited him to Paris to be proclaimed their king. He arrived at the city’s gates on the brink of unifying the realm under his rule. And then, at the very moment of triumph, tragedy struck. Assassins sent by Fredegund slipped into the crowd and murdered Sigebert with poison-tipped daggers.