Politics mess civic science:Pasteurization? Nein, Das ist a French idea! -- The Franco-Prussian War
WHEN POLITICS AND WAR MESS CIVIC SCIENCE
JeanPiaget Society Conference
Ottawa 2026
Theme: āCivic Scienceā
Today, Always Keep a Jean Piaget open mind Observe, Doubt, Share To decide: Raw versus Pasteurized Dairy Milk? Dairy or Nondairy milk?
After the FrancoPrussian war
1870-1871
Won by Germany,
Two big microbiology schools
continued the war,
in the laboratories.
The Paris School,
with Louis Pasteur, 1822-1895
whose son fought in the war
The Berlin school,
with Robert Koch, 1843-1919
who served as doctor in the war
And the little Belgium School
sandwiched between them, with
Gustave Gratia, 1855-1932
In 1901 respected
German microbiologist,
Robert Koch, asserted
āDairy milk, to avoid Tuberculosis?
No, Nein Pasteurization
Das ist ein French idea.ā
Belgian Gustave Gratia,
who had studied under Pasteur,
refused to assimilate this assertion.
From his own applied
tuberculosis observations
on dairy milk farms,
Gustave Gratia knew that Koch was,
dead wrong.
Using Piagetās
Constructive Accommodation,
Gustave Gratia publicly
challenges Koch in 1903.
āHerr Professor Koch,
You are wrong!
Nein.
Dairy Milk must be
Pasteurized.āā
Belgium follows
Gustave Gratia advice,
and Pasteurizes dairy milk.
Today
Keep a
Jean Piaget open mind
Raw versus Pasteurized Dairy Milk?