Understanding the Polarization of Antennas and Its Impact
In the field of wireless communication, antenna polarization is an important but frequently neglected issue that effects signal quality. Understanding polarization is critical for optimal performance while constructing a 5G network, using GPS, or connecting IoT devices.
What is antenna polarization?
Polarization is the direction of the electric field of an electromagnetic wave emitted by an antenna. It specifies how a wave moves across space.
The most prevalent antenna polarizations are:
Linear Polarization: The electric field remains in a single plane (vertical or horizontal).
Circular polarization occurs when the electric field rotates in a circle as the wave travels (right or left).
Elliptical Polarization: A linear and circular combination that results in an elliptical route.
Why Polarization Matters
1. Signal Matching Is Crucial
To ensure efficient signal transmission and reception, both transmitting and receiving antennas must have the same polarization. A mismatch can result in signal loss (cross-polarization loss) of up to 30 decibels (dB).
2. Increased signal clarity
Correct polarization alignment lowers signal distortion, interference, and multipath effects, particularly in metropolitan areas where signals bounce off buildings.
3. Application-Specific Needs
Vertical polarisation is widely utilized in mobile communication.
Circular polarization is preferred in satellite and GNSS systems to reduce rotation and orientation difficulties.
Horizontal polarization has applications in television and long-distance point-to-point communication.
Linear vs. Circular Polarization: A Quick Comparison
Comparison Between Linear and Circular Polarization:
Alignment Sensitivity:
Linear Polarization: High
Circular Polarization: Low
Best For:
Linear Polarization: Terrestrial systems
Circular Polarization: Satellites, GPS, drones
Susceptible to Rotation:
Linear Polarization: Yes
Circular Polarization: No
Multipath Interference:
Linear Polarization: Higher
Circular Polarization: Lower
Polarization in Eteily Antenna Products
At Eteily Technologies, we recognize that maximum performance requires more than simply gain or frequency—polarization tuning is essential.
We offer:
GPS/GNSS antennas with RHCP (right-hand circular polarization)
4G/5G antennas with vertical linear polarization for mobile and router applications.
Custom solutions for the Internet of Things, EV chargers, and automotive applications
Our engineering enables optimal signal alignment, reduced loss, and improved coverage.
Pro Tip: Field Test Polarization
To ensure antenna alignment in real-world settings, use a polarization tester or spectrum analyzer. Small changes can result in significant increases in signal quality.
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Let our expert team help you select the perfect polarization for your wireless system.
