We can say, for now, that Marx recognizes trans-Atlantic slaveryâs ostensive âcapitalist natureâ as a historical particular, important for the development of capital and the means by which it is reproduced, yet ultimately inessential to his critical presentation of capitalist totality. Sequestering his profound insights into the genesis of subjectivity from the constitutive problem of slavery and blackness, the slave can only analogically reappear as theoretical ammunition in a comparative explication of capitalist materiality. Marxâs grafting method is incongruous with his major methodological innovation: Slavery is theoretically abstracted out of the capitalist totality, even though the purveyors of personal dominationâmasters, purportedlyâare recognized in their transformation into those capitalists who, in Marxâs articulation, are themselves sufferers of abstract domination. Indeed, in the second volume of Capital, Marx again afďŹrms that the slave market âretains an element of natural economyâ and âreceives supplies of the commodity labour-power from war, piracy, etc., and this pillage is not mediated by a process of circulation, but is rather the appropriation in kind of other peopleâs labour-power by direct physical compulsion.â The difference that historiographers have identiďŹed in the slave market, where slaves were being produced for circulation in a complicated causal relationship to blackness, is explicitly disavowed, its qualitative difference repressed. Slaveryâs modes of subjection, then, never become the Marxist premise from which to re-think the condition of production of knowledge and social life, of mind and matter, of freedom and necessity. A large determinant of this repression is that Marx never theorizes race as a productive force. In a key fragment found in Marxâs âWage Labor and Capital,â Marx parrots Pierre-Joseph Proudhon to ask (and answer) âWhat is a Negro slave? A man of the black race. The one explanation is as good as the other.â His critique of Proudhonâs tautology does not fare much better, as Marx continues: âA Negro is a Negro. He becomes a slave only in certain relationships.â Blackness is naturalized apart from the economy, and slaveness is contingent on broader relations of production. By naturalizing, and thus neutralizing, the power of racial slavery, capitalismâs disavowal of its own conditions of reproduction is theoretically carried over into Marxism, insofar as, to be a little glib, Marx is himself a product of capitalism and immanent to its standpoint. Or, as Hortense Spillers suggests with respect to Freud, Marx âcould not âseeâ his own connection to the âraceâ/culture orbit, or could not theorize it, because the place of their elision marked the vantage point from which he spoke.â Because Marxâs method expresses the political ontology of the human (only), it is one-sided: Slavery, as a real abstraction, goes behind Marx and Marxistsâ backs.