#17thcentury

During the English Civil War, the Newcastle Propositions were presented to King Charles I of England by Parliament as a plan to end the conflict and reshape the balance of power between the Crown and Parliament. Named after the location where Charles was being held by the Scottish army, the proposals demanded major limits on royal authority.

The terms called for Parliament to gain control over the armed forces, approve the appointment of ministers, and make significant changes to the Church of England. These demands reflected Parliament’s belief that the king’s unchecked power had helped cause the civil war.

Amber altar, traditionally associated with King John III Sobieski (1629-1696), by Michael Schödelock or workshop of Michael Redlin in Gdańsk, 1650s, Czartoryski Museum (inv. MNK XIII-446).

It was supposedly a field altar used by the king for private devotion during his expedition to Vienna.

👉 Dive in: https://artinpolandarchive.weebly.com/

© Marcin Latka

On July 7, 1647, growing anger over high taxes, rising food prices, and Spanish domination erupted into a major popular uprising in Naples. The revolt began as a protest by ordinary citizens who were struggling under the heavy economic burdens imposed by the Spanish Habsburg government, which ruled the Kingdom of Naples at the time.

On July 5, 1626, a violent clash known as the Battle at Lenz took place during a period of widespread unrest in the Austrian lands amid the broader turmoil of the early 17th century. Rebel groups—sometimes referred to in local accounts as “Boers” or rural insurgents resisting imperial authority—rose against Habsburg control, fueled by heavy taxation, religious tensions, and the strain of ongoing regional conflicts tied to the Thirty Years’ War.

On July 5, 1610, John Guy left Bristol with 39 other settlers bound for Newfoundland, supported by the Virginia Company of Bristol. The expedition aimed to establish a lasting English settlement in the North Atlantic, building on Guy’s earlier visit to the region and his belief that its fisheries and resources could sustain a year-round community.

On July 3, 1642, Maria de’ Medici, former Queen of France and powerful queen mother, died at around the age of 69. Born into the influential Medici family of Florence, she became queen through her marriage to King Henry IV of France and later acted as regent for her young son, Louis XIII, after his father’s assassination in 1610.

On July 2, 1656, the Italian-French general François-Marie, comte de Broglie died, marking the end of a military career shaped by the turbulent conflicts of 17th-century Europe. As a member of the prominent Broglie family, he served within the broader framework of French military expansion and aristocratic service under the Bourbon monarchy.

Broglie’s career reflected the shifting nature of European warfare during the Thirty Years’ War era and its aftermath, when noble commanders often moved between Italian and French spheres of influence. His service contributed to the ongoing efforts of France to consolidate power and influence in contested regions of Italy and beyond.

On July 2, 1613, English colonial forces launched one of the earliest expeditions from Massachusetts territory against the French settlement of Acadia in North America. Led by Samuel Argall, the mission reflected rising tensions between English and French powers as they competed for control of the Atlantic coastline and its valuable fishing and trade routes. The expedition targeted French outposts and settlements, aiming to weaken their presence in the region.

Acadia, a French colonial territory in what is now parts of Canada’s Atlantic provinces, had become a strategic foothold for France in the New World. Argall’s campaign involved raids on settlements and the disruption of French supply lines, marking an early phase of Anglo-French colonial rivalry in North America. These actions helped set the stage for decades of conflict over territory, influence, and resources in the region.