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@ramasithanen

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Le Mensonge est la seule et facile ressource de la faiblesse . Stendhal
  Mes dĂ©tracteurs, dans une frĂ©nĂ©sie de dĂ©magogie et de calomnies, dĂ©bitent des contre-vĂ©ritĂ©s et me reprochent lâinsensĂ© voire lâabsurde. Je vais  dĂ©noncer leur mensonge et rĂ©tablir la vĂ©ritĂ© des faits.
 En 2005, suite au passage de Pravind Jugnauth au ministĂšre des Finances, nous avons hĂ©ritĂ© dâune Ă©conomie en panne de croissance et dâinvestissements. Pourtant de 2003-2005 quand Pravind Jugnauth Ă©tait ministre des Finances, lâĂ©conomie mondiale Ă©tait  en pleine expansion, dopĂ©e par une croissance accĂ©lĂ©rĂ©e issue des pays Ă©mergents et dâun continent Africain sâengageant sans complexe sur la voie du dĂ©veloppement. Mais Ă Maurice, avec Pravind Jugnauth Ă la barre, la situation de lâemploi, du dĂ©ficit budgĂ©taire et de la dette publique dans notre pays Ă©tait devenue explosive. Je ne suis pas le seul Ă faire ce constat. Dâautres observateurs, analystes et experts  lâont aussi constaté !
 Voici un tableau de la situation Ă la pĂ©riode 2003-2005 quand Pravind Jugnauth Ă©tait ministre des Finances : une croissance anĂ©mique de 2.5 %, la  zone franche en rĂ©cession, le taux de chĂŽmage Ă prĂšs de 10% de la population active, le dĂ©ficit budgĂ©taire Ă plus de 7.5%, et  la dette publique avoisinant les 70% du PIB, le niveau dâinvestissement du privĂ© Ă©tait au plus bas et lâinvestissement Ă©tranger inexistant. Tel est lâĂ©tat des lieux morbide de notre Ă©conomie Ă notre prise de fonction en 2005. Pravind Jugnauth a donc laisse un hĂ©ritage catastrophique, On parlait alors dâĂ©tat dâurgence Ă©conomique. Câest dans ce contexte de dĂ©clin Ă©conomique et social, que nous avons assumĂ©  la relĂšve. Nous sommes alors confrontĂ©s au formidable dĂ©fi:
- Â de la relance de notre appareil productif
-  de lâimpĂ©rieuse nĂ©cessitĂ© de stimuler et dâattirer lâinvestissement Ă©tranger (FDI) en rĂ©tablissant la confiance des investisseurs dans le leadership. Ă©conomique de notre pays;
-  dâaccĂ©lĂ©rer le processus de diversification Ă©conomique afin de faire face Ă lâĂ©rosion rapide des prĂ©fĂ©rences commercialesdont nous bĂ©nĂ©ficiions depuis des dĂ©cennies; ainsi que
-  du besoin dâassurer une plus grande justice sociale avec une attention particuliĂšre envers les plus dĂ©munis et les dĂ©favorisĂ©s de notre sociĂ©tĂ©.
 En Ă©troite collaboration avec le Premier Ministre, nous avons engagĂ© une sĂ©rie de rĂ©formes structurelles, les unes plus audacieuses et plus innovantes que les autres. Il sâagissait bien lĂ , et vous lâaurez compris, dâune question de responsabilitĂ©: responsabilitĂ© envers une nation dĂ©primĂ©e, responsabilitĂ© envers une jeunesse embourbĂ©e dans le chĂŽmage et le dĂ©sespoir, et responsabilitĂ© envers les gĂ©nĂ©rations de Mauriciens Ă venir.
 1.    En dĂ©pit dâun contexte difficile, nous  avons  rĂ©duit  le taux dâimposition sur le revenu de 30% Ă 15%. Cette mesure rĂ©duit de moitiĂ© le  montant de lâimpĂŽt pour chaque contribuable mauricien. Elle a  également  exonĂ©rĂ©  40,000 middle income earners mauriciens de lâimpĂŽt sur le revenu.
 2.    A lâĂ©poque  le FMI nous imposait soit une augmentation de la TVA de 15% Ă 16% soit une plus grande couverture de la TVA notamment sur les denrĂ©es essentielles comme le poisson, la viande, le poulet, entre autres. Nous avons  refusĂ© cette solution de facilitĂ© qui aurait grandement pĂ©nalisĂ© nos compatriotes, plus particuliĂšrement ceux au bas de lâĂ©chelle sociale. Nous avons   prĂ©fĂ©ré prendre un ensemble  de mesures plus justes et exercer un meilleur contrĂŽle des  dĂ©penses publiques.
 3.    Câest dans cette optique et dans cette seule optique quâil faut  interprĂ©ter lâintroduction du NRPT. Câest un mensonge Ă©hontĂ© que de faire accroire que la NRPT Ă©tait un impĂŽt sur les pauvres et la classe moyenne. Câest le contraire qui est vrai ! Etait-ce si injuste de demander Ă 19,346 high income earners reprĂ©sentant seulement 1.5% de la population mauricienne et ayant au passage gĂ©nĂ©reusement bĂ©nĂ©ficiĂ© de la rĂ©duction du taux dâimposition Ă 15%  de contribuer Ă un effort de solidaritĂ© nationale?  Bien au contraire! Comment expliquer quâun impĂŽt dont lâapplication ne concernait pas 98.5% de la population puisse ĂȘtre un impĂŽt sur les pauvres? Â
 4.    Savez-vous que lâintĂ©gralitĂ© des recettes du NRPT a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©e pour financer le dĂ©veloppement des infrastructures dans  nos municipalitĂ©s et conseils de district? La construction du nouveau  marchĂ© de Rose Belle et la rĂ©novation du Plaza Ă Rose Hill en sont quelques exemples.
 5.    Savez-vous que depuis lâabrogation de la NRPT le budget de dĂ©veloppement des collectivitĂ©s locales a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©duit. Mais, il y a plus grave : depuis lâabandon du NRPT, les propriĂ©taires des chĂąteaux sur les propriĂ©tĂ©s et des bungalows de luxe au bord de la mer ne paient plus aucune taxe. Â
 6.    Dans son obsession  à dĂ©faire ce que jâavais entrepris dans lâintĂ©rĂȘt de la nation, Pravind Jugnauth est allĂ© jusquâĂ abroger les taxes sur les RES, IRS et autres villas de luxe. Et câest cette personne qui ose, aujourdâhui, me qualifier dâultralibĂ©ral pro-capitaliste. Nâest-ce pas absurde et ridicule!
  7.    Savez-vous que suite aux rĂ©formes fiscales que le gouvernement a engagĂ©es depuis 2006, 93% de la population mauricienne sont exonĂ©rĂ©s dâimpĂŽts sur le revenu. Oui, je le rĂ©pĂšte 93%! Les pauvres ainsi que les lower middle et middle income earners sont exonĂ©rĂ©s dâimpĂŽt sur le revenu dans notre pays. Seuls 7% des Mauriciens sâacquittent de cet impĂŽt suite Ă notre programme de rĂ©formes. Celui-ci a Ă©tĂ© applaudi par la communautĂ© internationale pour son efficacitĂ© et son caractĂšre novateur. Ce train de rĂ©formes reflĂšte  cette idĂ©e de justice sociale qui mâest trĂšs chĂšre et qui est Ă la racine mĂȘme de mon engagement politique.
  8.    Parlons de lâimpĂŽt sur lâĂ©pargne.  Ce nâest pas moi qui lâai introduit dans notre pays. Tous les contribuables et analystes de lâĂ©conomie mauricienne le savent, cette taxe existe depuis trĂšs longtemps. Je lâai simplement restructurĂ©e et rationnalisĂ©e pour la rendre plus efficace. Nous avons  dâabord rĂ©duit lâimpĂŽt sur lâĂ©pargne de moitiĂ© de 30% Ă 15%. Puis, introduit un mĂ©canisme de prĂ©lĂšvement Ă la source (comme câest le cas pour les revenus) pour en faciliter sa collecte afin de financer des dĂ©penses essentielles de lâEtat dans lâEducation, la SantĂ© et la SĂ©curitĂ© sociale.
 9.    Il faut savoir quâen 2005, nombre de nos compatriotes sous-dĂ©claraient cette taxe ou tout simplement ne la dĂ©claraient pas du tout. Pour nous assurer que seuls les contribuables Ă hauts revenus Ă©taient concernĂ©s, nous avions dâune part demandĂ© aux banques de prĂ©lever cet impĂŽt exclusivement sur les comptes Ă©pargne de plus dâun million de roupies. Nous avons dâautre part relevĂ© le seuil dâimposition de Rs 80,000 Ă Rs 250,000. Nous nous Ă©tions Ă©galement assurĂ©s que cet impĂŽt nâaffecterait pas les personnes ĂągĂ©es en augmentant le income threshold de Rs 50,000 spĂ©cifiquement pour cette catĂ©gorie de nos concitoyens.
 10. Au final, 40,000 contribuables dont un nombre significatif sâacquittaient dĂ©jĂ de lâimpĂŽt sur les intĂ©rĂȘts.Ă©taient concernĂ©s par cette mesure. Ces 40,000 tax payers reprĂ©sentent seulement 3% de la population mauricienne ! Venir donc prĂ©tendre que cette mesure a pĂ©nalisĂ© les pauvres et dĂ©favorisĂ© les lower middle et middle income earners est un mensonge !
  La voilĂ donc cette vĂ©ritĂ©. Celle qui est tĂȘtue et qui ne craint pas les questions. Ces mesures ont contribuĂ© au progrĂšs Ă©conomique et Ă une meilleure justice sociale dans notre pays.
 Câest cette vĂ©ritĂ© qui est Ă la base mĂȘme de mon engagement envers les plus dĂ©munis et ceux qui vivent dans la dĂ©tresse
 Loin des considĂ©rations partisanes, jâai continuĂ© dâĆuvrer pour mon pays. Ce pays que je chĂ©ris, qui mâa beaucoup donnĂ© et Ă qui je serai toujours fidĂšle. Â
 Rama Sithanen
Rama Sithanen's Curriculum Vitae
- PERSONAL INFORMATION
Dr. Ramakrishna Sithanen, GCSK,
 - CAREER PATH
June 2011- Present: Chairman and Director, International Financial Services Limited Â
June 2013- Present: Chairperson of Rwanda Development Board
Economic Reforms Adviser to the Government of Rwanda
January- June 2011: Director of Strategy, African Development Bank
2008- 2010: Vice Prime Minister, Minister of Finance and Economic Empowerment
2005- 2008: Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Finance and Economic DevelopmentÂ
2005- 2010: Member of Parliament, Mauritius National Assembly
1991- 1995: Minister of Finance
1994- 1995: Minister of IndustryÂ
1991- 1995: Member of Parliament, Mauritius National Assembly
1996-1998: International ConsultantÂ
1997-2005: Adviser to the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Air Seychelles, the national carrier of SeychellesÂ
2001: Partner with De Chazal Du Mee (Consulting Firm),Mauritius
1998- 1999: Chief Executive Officer, CARAT, a consulting firm for aviation and air transportation
1990-1991: General Manager, Strategy and Development at Rogers, one of the largest business conglomerate in Mauritius
1982-1990: Director of Planning/Transport Economist at Air Mauritius, the national airline of Mauritius
1980-1982: Economic Consultant with De Chazal Du Mee, a management consulting firm
1980: Education Officer
1979: Research Officer at LSE and at OECD
 - Important Appointments
âąÂ   1991-1995; 2005 â 2010: Governor at the International Monetary Fund
âąÂ   2005-2010: Governor at the World Bank
âąÂ   1991-1995; 2005-2010: Governor at the African Development Bank
âąÂ   1991-1995; 2005-2010: Governor at the PTA Bank Board of Governors (while in office as Minister of Finance of Mauritius)
âąÂ   2007 â 2008: Chairman of the PTA Bank Board of Governors
âąÂ   1991-1995; 2005-2010: Leader of the Mauritius delegation at the joint IMF/WB Annual Meetings
âąÂ   1991-1995; 2005-2010: Leader of the Mauritius delegation at the Annual Commonwealth Finance Ministers Meeting
âąÂ   1993-1995: Chairman of the Mauritius Offshore Business Activities Authority
âąÂ   1994-1995: Chairman of the Monetary Policy Committee
âąÂ   1991-1995; 2005-2006: Chairman of the National Tripartite Committee
âąÂ   1991-1995; 2005-2010: National Authorising Officer of Mauritius with the European Union
âąÂ   2008-2010: Chairperson of Committee of Ministers of Finance of COMESA
âąÂ   2008: Leader of the Mauritius delegation and spokeperson of ACP countries at the WTO Green Room negotiations in Geneva
âąÂ   2008: Leader of the Mauritius delegation at the AGOA negotiation in Washington
 - Main responsibilities as Deputy/Vice Prime Minister and Minister of Finance and Economic Empowerment (2005 -2010)
Financial policy and financial machinery of Government
Recurrent Revenue and Expenditure involving examination and consolidation of Departmental Annual and Supplementary Estimates
Capital Budget
Financing of development programme
Taxation and Fiscal matters
Financial control of expenditure
Supervision of financial control in Departments
Income tax
Customs and Excise
Registrar General
Value Added Tax
Mauritius Revenue Authority
Boards of Survey
Public Debt
Valuation Division
Sugar Insurance Fund Board
Civil Service Family Protection Scheme
Public Service pensions
Banking
Currency
SICOM ( State Insurance Company)
Mauritius Housing Company ( mortgage finance)
Development Bank of Mauritius ( project and trade finance)
State Investment Corporation
Management Audit Bureau
Mauritius Freeport Authority
Mauritius Ex-Services Trust Fund
Board of Investment ( Investment Promotion Agency)
Coordination of economic policy and policy implementation
Central Statistics Office
Preparation of Price Indices
Coordination of Capital Budget and public sector investment programme ( including PPP)
National Economic and Social Council
Aid Coordination
Assessment Review Tribunal
Stock Exchange
Companies Division
Insurance Sector
Financial Leasing Business
Anti Money Laundering policies
Financial Services Commission
Financial Services Promotion Agency
- Main responsibilities as Minister of Finance (1991 -1995)
Fiscal, financial, monetary and exchange rate policies
Budgetary policy : recurrent and capital budget, financial control
Income Tax, Customs and Excise Duties, Sales Tax and Unified Revenue Board
Public Debt management
Raising international capital for public sector investment programme ( project and programme finance)
Banking, Currency, Central Bank,
Development Bank of Mauritius ( project and trade finance)
State Investment Corporation, Public Sector Investment
Mauritius Housing Corporation ( mortgage finance)
Valuation, Insurance and Companies Divisions
Information Technology and National Computer Board
Stock Exchange Commission
Tender Board
Gaming Board and Casinos
Offshore Banking and Financial Services
Freeport Activities
 - ACHIEVEMENTS
Strong leadership skills and wide-ranging political, managerial, technical and administrative experience attained as:
-Â Â Â Â Â Â Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance and Economic Development,
-Â Â Â Â Â Â Vice Prime Minister and Minister of Finance and Economic Empowerment,
-Â Â Â Â Â Â Minister of Industry,
-Â Â Â Â Â Â Director at Air Mauritius,
-Â Â Â Â Â Â General Manager, Strategy and Development of a large conglomerate,
-Â Â Â Â Â Â Partner in a major accounting and consulting firm,
-Â Â Â Â Â Â Economist and consultant/adviser on economic issues,
-Â Â Â Â Â Â Airline restructuring and policy matters,
-Â Â Â Â Â Â Director of Strategy at the African Development Bank,
-Â Â Â Â Â Â Policy adviser to many countries in Africa and the Indian Ocean.
Introduced global business/offshore and the Freeport as economic pillars and abolished exchange control as Minister of Finance between 1991 and 1995
From 2005- 2010 as Minister of Finance: Responsible for economic development, resource mobilization, aid coordination, finance development, private & public partnership, investment strategy, enabling investment and business environment. Also in charge of the economic empowerment, social integration and broadening the circle of opportunities
Considerable hands on experience in both the public and the private sectors.
Extensive experience in Africa and Indian Ocean.
Very conversant with issues relating to globalization and emerging markets.
Strong interest in the challenges and opportunities of small developing states and regional economic integration.
Helped in formulating the new development paradigm to move Mauritius from dependence on preferences to global competitiveness.
Weaved a strong partnership with private sector, civil society and other stakeholders in addressing challenges confronting the economy.
Implemented a comprehensive economic reform programme in Mauritius under the Prime Minister ship of Dr Navin Ramgoolam with the following main planks and impact :
Reignited the engine of growth in 2006 from 2.5 % to 5.5 %
Opened up the economy and attracted more FDI in the first three years following the reforms than in the preceding 40 years put together
Lowered debt as a percentage of GDP from 70 % to 56 %
Brought down the budget deficit from 7.5 % to 3 % of GDPÂ
Generated several thousands of productive jobs thus leading to a decrease in the rate of unemployment
Diversified the economy to enhance its resilience to external shock
Moved Mauritius up the ranking in the World Bank Ease of Doing Business survey, from 44thin 2005 to 17th in 2009.Â
Eased capacity constraints on growth of new sectors by opening up the country to skills, talents and know how.
Reengineered the economy by developing Mauritius from an essentially four pillar economy comprising sugar, textiles, tourism and financial services to a resilient and more diversified economy that includes ICT/ITES/BPO and green data centres, seafood hub, knowledge centre of excellence, health care and life sciences, high end real estate and hospitality development, renewable energy industry, land based oceanic industry, and a key trade and economic zone that will make of Mauritius a business bridge between China and Africa.Â
Devised strategies to finance major infrastructure projects that are critical for sustained socio-economic growth.
Simplified the tax system and made Mauritius one of the most attractive tax jurisdictions in the world with a flat corporate and personal income tax rate of 15 percent.
Removed 36,000 individual income earners out of the tax net
Lowered the tax burden of another 25,000 persons
Introduced a favourable tax band for the elderly
Lowered corporate taxes for SMEâs and individual entrepreneurs to 15 % thus aligning taxes with large corporates who were already paying 15 % corporate taxes, thereby significantly improving the fairness and efficiency of the tax system.
Introduced free transportation for 350,000 users including students and the elderly
Initiated an income support that benefit 120,000 people from the low income group
Doubled the subsidy on rice, flour and cooking gas to protect the purchasing power of the population
Lowered duties on over 2,000 goods
Implemented a Government guaranteed student loan scheme of up to Rs 150,000 per year to allow commercial banks to make loans to all students with an offer from a TEC recognized tertiary institution in Mauritius. The guarantee is aimed at students whose family does not have the means to secure such a loan.
Introduced a series of incentives and measures for small planters, cow and pig breeders and fishermen and other small entrepreneurs
Written off the debt of thousands of small planters of cane, vegetables, flowers, pig and cow breeders, fishermen and other small entrepreneurs.
Implemented, within the framework of inclusive growth and social equity, an Empowerment Programme to support and empower vulnerable and poor people. This has made a difference to the lives of thousands of men, women and youths who have benefited from training with placement, re-skilling, second chance programme and alternative employment. They have also been provided with assistance to set up micro businesses and SMEâs.
Developed innovative instruments such as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) levy to forge a partnership between Government, Private Sector and Civil Society to alleviate poverty and tackle other social problems.
Formulated and implemented an Eradication of Absolute Poverty Programme with a four-pronged partnership including Government, private sector, NGOs, and development partners
Coordinated cooperation programmes with development partners to ensure coherence and consistency, especially on infrastructure development and project financeâŠ
Introduced successful additional stimulus policies with inbuilt automatic stabilizers and maintained confidence through a Social Contract with the Private Sector and creative institutional arrangements to ward off the adverse impact of the Great Recession. These saved more than 10,000 jobs
Invested the dividends of economic reform in the future through expansion of education at pre-primary and tertiary levels, second chance programmes to integrate school dropouts, cultural and musical programmes to offer alternative paths to the poor and the marginalised, instituted national heritage programmes and launched a lottery to finance programmes of excellence and upgrade cultural life and support to the arts.
Conceived new strategies to advance regional integration in Eastern and Southern Africa as Chairman of COMESA Ministers of Finance. Led efforts to broaden the scope of Aid for Trade to cover social and economic costs of lowering barriers to integration of African economies with each other and into the world economy.
Spearheaded successful efforts to attract location by IMF of AFRITAC South, COMESA Fund and Regional Multi-Disciplinary Centre of Excellence (RMCE) in Mauritius.
Led a series of investment promotion missions across Europe, AsiaâPacific, Australia, USA and Africa to attract FDI to Mauritius by raising the visibility of the country as a credible investment destination and as an international financial centre of repute.
Initiated talks for the negotiation of double taxation treaties, Investment Promotion and Protection Agreements and Bilateral Investment Treaties with several countries.
Positioned Mauritius as an important gateway for Chinese and Indian investment into Africa.
 - Overall impact:
A more diversified and resilient economy that has resisted the ripples of the worst global economic recession in over 70 years, without a negative impact on unemployment. Surging FDI, robust macroeconomic fundamentals, greater fiscal space to face contingencies and to share more equitably the fruits of the reforms.
 - Guest Speaker/Resource person
 Participated and spoken at many regional and international forums on several topics ranging from regional integration, infrastructure financing, capacity building in Africa, the role of the private sector in growth, development and poverty alleviation, investment climate and enabling environment, developing Mauritius as a regional and an international financial centre of repute and the exportability of the Mauritius âsuccess storyâ model to good governance.
Acted as a resource person for some international institutions, including the World Bank, the European Union, SADC, AU, WTO and the ACP.
 - EDUCATION
Secondary Education
School Certificate ( University of Cambridge) : Division One
Higher School Certificate ( University of Cambridge) :Â Grade A in English, Economics and History
University Education
London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), UK
Brunel University, UK
Academic Qualifications
BSc Economics (with First Class Honours), London School of Economics.
MSc Economics (with a Mark of Distinction), London School of Economics.
PhD Political Science, Brunel University, London, UK
- Awards/Honours/Prize received
Scholarship for academic excellence at the LSE for graduate and post graduate achievement.
Chosen, by the Switzerland-based World Economic Forum in 1994, as one of the 100 Global Leaders for Tomorrow for contribution in both the public and the private sectors at the age of 40.
Bestowed with the highest mark of distinction of Grand Commander of the Star and Key (GCSK) in 2009 for contribution in the social and political fields.
 - Language Proficiency
     Fluent in English, French and kreol: speak, read and write.
- Computer Skills
   Familiar with Microsoft Word, Excel, Power Point and other applications.